Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. It has become an essential public health crisis, especially for care in the home. Synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were obtained from healthy non-diabetic (<...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/1/32 |
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| author | Hai-Cheng Wei Na Ta Wen-Rui Hu Sheng-Ying Wang Ming-Xia Xiao Xiao-Jing Tang Jian-Jung Chen Hsien-Tsai Wu |
| author_facet | Hai-Cheng Wei Na Ta Wen-Rui Hu Sheng-Ying Wang Ming-Xia Xiao Xiao-Jing Tang Jian-Jung Chen Hsien-Tsai Wu |
| author_sort | Hai-Cheng Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. It has become an essential public health crisis, especially for care in the home. Synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were obtained from healthy non-diabetic (<i>n</i> = 37) and diabetic (<i>n</i> = 85) subjects without peripheral neuropathy, recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic. The conventional parameters, including low-/high-frequency power ratio (LHR), small-scale multiscale entropy index (MEI<sub>SS</sub>), large-scale multiscale entropy index (MEI<sub>LS</sub>), electrocardiogram-based pulse wave velocity (PWV<sub>mean</sub>), and percussion entropy index (PEI), were computed as baseline and were then followed for six years after the initial PEI measurement. Three new diabetic subgroups with different PEI values were identified for the goodness-of-fit test and Cox proportional Hazards model for relative risks analysis. Finally, Cox regression analysis showed that the PEI value was significantly and independently associated with the risk of developing DPN after adjustment for some traditional risk factors for diabetes (relative risks = 4.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.87 to 6.31, <i>p</i> = 0.015). These findings suggest that the PEI is an important risk parameter for new-onset DPN as a result of a chronic complication of diabetes and, thus, a smaller PEI value can provide valid information that may help identify type 2 diabetic patients at a greater risk of future DPN. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:23:34Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:23:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a57149950e34ac6ba45231beee770322022-12-22T03:59:56ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-01-011013210.3390/diagnostics10010032diagnostics10010032Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic SubjectsHai-Cheng Wei0Na Ta1Wen-Rui Hu2Sheng-Ying Wang3Ming-Xia Xiao4Xiao-Jing Tang5Jian-Jung Chen6Hsien-Tsai Wu7School of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 North Wenchang Street, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, ChinaSchool of Science, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, ChinaTaichung Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, TaiwanDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. It has become an essential public health crisis, especially for care in the home. Synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were obtained from healthy non-diabetic (<i>n</i> = 37) and diabetic (<i>n</i> = 85) subjects without peripheral neuropathy, recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinic. The conventional parameters, including low-/high-frequency power ratio (LHR), small-scale multiscale entropy index (MEI<sub>SS</sub>), large-scale multiscale entropy index (MEI<sub>LS</sub>), electrocardiogram-based pulse wave velocity (PWV<sub>mean</sub>), and percussion entropy index (PEI), were computed as baseline and were then followed for six years after the initial PEI measurement. Three new diabetic subgroups with different PEI values were identified for the goodness-of-fit test and Cox proportional Hazards model for relative risks analysis. Finally, Cox regression analysis showed that the PEI value was significantly and independently associated with the risk of developing DPN after adjustment for some traditional risk factors for diabetes (relative risks = 4.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.87 to 6.31, <i>p</i> = 0.015). These findings suggest that the PEI is an important risk parameter for new-onset DPN as a result of a chronic complication of diabetes and, thus, a smaller PEI value can provide valid information that may help identify type 2 diabetic patients at a greater risk of future DPN.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/1/32type 2 diabetesdiabetic peripheral neuropathy (dpn)electrocardiogram (ecg)photoplethysmography (ppg)percussion entropy index (pei) |
| spellingShingle | Hai-Cheng Wei Na Ta Wen-Rui Hu Sheng-Ying Wang Ming-Xia Xiao Xiao-Jing Tang Jian-Jung Chen Hsien-Tsai Wu Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Diagnostics type 2 diabetes diabetic peripheral neuropathy (dpn) electrocardiogram (ecg) photoplethysmography (ppg) percussion entropy index (pei) |
| title | Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects |
| title_full | Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects |
| title_fullStr | Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects |
| title_short | Percussion Entropy Analysis of Synchronized ECG and PPG Signals as a Prognostic Indicator for Future Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects |
| title_sort | percussion entropy analysis of synchronized ecg and ppg signals as a prognostic indicator for future peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects |
| topic | type 2 diabetes diabetic peripheral neuropathy (dpn) electrocardiogram (ecg) photoplethysmography (ppg) percussion entropy index (pei) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/1/32 |
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