Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS
The high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique is widely used owing to the high degree of ionization and the ability to synthesize high-quality coatings with a dense structure and smooth morphology. However, limited efforts have been made in the deposition of MAX phase coatings throu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/826 |
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| author | Muhammad Waqas Qureshi Xinxin Ma Guangze Tang Bin Miao Junbo Niu |
| author_facet | Muhammad Waqas Qureshi Xinxin Ma Guangze Tang Bin Miao Junbo Niu |
| author_sort | Muhammad Waqas Qureshi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique is widely used owing to the high degree of ionization and the ability to synthesize high-quality coatings with a dense structure and smooth morphology. However, limited efforts have been made in the deposition of MAX phase coatings through HiPIMS compared with direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), and tailoring of the coatings’ properties by process parameters such as pulse width and frequency is lacking. In this study, the Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase coatings are deposited through HiPIMS on network structured TiBw/Ti6Al4V composite. A comparative study was made to investigate the effect of average power by varying frequency (1.2–1.6 kHz) and pulse width (20–60 μs) on the deposition rate, microstructure, crystal orientation, and current waveforms of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase coatings. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the deposited coatings. The influence of pulse width was more profound than the frequency in increasing the average power of HiPIMS. The XRD results showed that ex situ annealing converted amorphous Cr-Al-C coatings into polycrystalline Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase. It was noticed that the deposition rate, gas temperature, and roughness of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC coatings depend on the average power, and the deposition rate increased from 16.5 to 56.3 nm/min. Moreover, the Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase coatings produced by HiPIMS exhibits the improved hardness and modulus of 19.7 GPa and 286 GPa, with excellent fracture toughness and wear resistance because of dense and column-free morphology as the main characteristic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:58:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a6762329ba44a908976bc3065e6e804 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:58:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a6762329ba44a908976bc3065e6e8042023-12-03T13:01:35ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-0114482610.3390/ma14040826Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMSMuhammad Waqas Qureshi0Xinxin Ma1Guangze Tang2Bin Miao3Junbo Niu4State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaThe high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique is widely used owing to the high degree of ionization and the ability to synthesize high-quality coatings with a dense structure and smooth morphology. However, limited efforts have been made in the deposition of MAX phase coatings through HiPIMS compared with direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), and tailoring of the coatings’ properties by process parameters such as pulse width and frequency is lacking. In this study, the Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase coatings are deposited through HiPIMS on network structured TiBw/Ti6Al4V composite. A comparative study was made to investigate the effect of average power by varying frequency (1.2–1.6 kHz) and pulse width (20–60 μs) on the deposition rate, microstructure, crystal orientation, and current waveforms of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase coatings. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the deposited coatings. The influence of pulse width was more profound than the frequency in increasing the average power of HiPIMS. The XRD results showed that ex situ annealing converted amorphous Cr-Al-C coatings into polycrystalline Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase. It was noticed that the deposition rate, gas temperature, and roughness of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC coatings depend on the average power, and the deposition rate increased from 16.5 to 56.3 nm/min. Moreover, the Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase coatings produced by HiPIMS exhibits the improved hardness and modulus of 19.7 GPa and 286 GPa, with excellent fracture toughness and wear resistance because of dense and column-free morphology as the main characteristic.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/826MAX phaseHiPIMSCr<sub>2</sub>AlCaverage target powerTiBw/Ti6Al4V composite |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Waqas Qureshi Xinxin Ma Guangze Tang Bin Miao Junbo Niu Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS Materials MAX phase HiPIMS Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC average target power TiBw/Ti6Al4V composite |
| title | Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS |
| title_full | Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS |
| title_short | Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX Phase Coatings on TiBw/Ti6Al4V Composite Prepared by HiPIMS |
| title_sort | fabrication and mechanical properties of cr sub 2 sub alc max phase coatings on tibw ti6al4v composite prepared by hipims |
| topic | MAX phase HiPIMS Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC average target power TiBw/Ti6Al4V composite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/826 |
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