Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis
There are several pathophysiological outcomes associated with substance abuse including metabolic disbalance, neurodegeneration, and disordered redox. Drug use in pregnant women is a topic of great concern due to developmental harm which may occur during gestation and the associated complications in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Pathophysiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/30/2/19 |
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| author | Carolina Ochoa Phillip C. S. R. Kilgore Nadejda Korneeva Eric Clifford Steven A. Conrad Marjan Trutschl Jacquelyn M. Bowers Thomas Arnold Urska Cvek |
| author_facet | Carolina Ochoa Phillip C. S. R. Kilgore Nadejda Korneeva Eric Clifford Steven A. Conrad Marjan Trutschl Jacquelyn M. Bowers Thomas Arnold Urska Cvek |
| author_sort | Carolina Ochoa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are several pathophysiological outcomes associated with substance abuse including metabolic disbalance, neurodegeneration, and disordered redox. Drug use in pregnant women is a topic of great concern due to developmental harm which may occur during gestation and the associated complications in the neonate after delivery. We sought to determine what the trajectory of drug use is like in children aged 0–4 years and mothers of neonates. Urine drug screen (UDS) results were obtained of our target demographic during 1998–2011 and 2012–2019 from LSU Health Sciences Center in Shreveport (LSUHSC-S). Statistical analysis was performed using R software. We observed an increase in cannabinoid-positive UDS results in both Caucasian (CC) and African American (AA) groups between 1998–2011 and 2012–2019 periods. Cocaine-positive UDS results decreased in both cohorts. CC children had higher UDS positive results for opiates, benzodiazepines, and amphetamines, while AA children had a higher percentage for illicit drugs such as cannabinoids and cocaine. Neonate’s mothers had similar UDS trends to that in children during 2012–2019. Overall, while percentage of positive UDS results for both AA and CC 0–4 year old children started to decline for opiate, benzodiazepine, and cocaine during 2012–2019, cannabinoid- and amphetamine (CC)-positive UDS steadily increased. These results suggest a shift in the type of drug use by mothers from opiates, benzodiazepines, and cocaine to cannabinoids and/or amphetamines. We also observed that 18-year-old females who tested positive for opiates, benzodiazepine, or cocaine had higher than average chances of testing positive for cannabinoids later in life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:04:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a6cc100ee254f8ab36496de02ebf57e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1873-149X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:04:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathophysiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a6cc100ee254f8ab36496de02ebf57e2023-11-18T12:01:04ZengMDPI AGPathophysiology1873-149X2023-05-0130221923210.3390/pathophysiology30020019Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective AnalysisCarolina Ochoa0Phillip C. S. R. Kilgore1Nadejda Korneeva2Eric Clifford3Steven A. Conrad4Marjan Trutschl5Jacquelyn M. Bowers6Thomas Arnold7Urska Cvek8School of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Computer Science, LSU Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Computer Science, LSU Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Computer Science, LSU Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Computer Science, LSU Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USAThere are several pathophysiological outcomes associated with substance abuse including metabolic disbalance, neurodegeneration, and disordered redox. Drug use in pregnant women is a topic of great concern due to developmental harm which may occur during gestation and the associated complications in the neonate after delivery. We sought to determine what the trajectory of drug use is like in children aged 0–4 years and mothers of neonates. Urine drug screen (UDS) results were obtained of our target demographic during 1998–2011 and 2012–2019 from LSU Health Sciences Center in Shreveport (LSUHSC-S). Statistical analysis was performed using R software. We observed an increase in cannabinoid-positive UDS results in both Caucasian (CC) and African American (AA) groups between 1998–2011 and 2012–2019 periods. Cocaine-positive UDS results decreased in both cohorts. CC children had higher UDS positive results for opiates, benzodiazepines, and amphetamines, while AA children had a higher percentage for illicit drugs such as cannabinoids and cocaine. Neonate’s mothers had similar UDS trends to that in children during 2012–2019. Overall, while percentage of positive UDS results for both AA and CC 0–4 year old children started to decline for opiate, benzodiazepine, and cocaine during 2012–2019, cannabinoid- and amphetamine (CC)-positive UDS steadily increased. These results suggest a shift in the type of drug use by mothers from opiates, benzodiazepines, and cocaine to cannabinoids and/or amphetamines. We also observed that 18-year-old females who tested positive for opiates, benzodiazepine, or cocaine had higher than average chances of testing positive for cannabinoids later in life.https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/30/2/19urine drug screeningemergency departmentchildrenneonatesdatabase |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Ochoa Phillip C. S. R. Kilgore Nadejda Korneeva Eric Clifford Steven A. Conrad Marjan Trutschl Jacquelyn M. Bowers Thomas Arnold Urska Cvek Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis Pathophysiology urine drug screening emergency department children neonates database |
| title | Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis |
| title_full | Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis |
| title_short | Trends in Drug Tests among Children: A 22-Year Retrospective Analysis |
| title_sort | trends in drug tests among children a 22 year retrospective analysis |
| topic | urine drug screening emergency department children neonates database |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/30/2/19 |
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