Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em>
The sea slater <i>Ligia exotica</i> is believed to have effects of reducing swelling and relieving pain in Chinese folk medicine. However, the scientific foundation of using the sea slater <i>Ligia</i> spp. as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory material remains elusive. In th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/7/395 |
| _version_ | 1811185208019386368 |
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| author | Yang Yue Quanbin Zhang Jing Wang |
| author_facet | Yang Yue Quanbin Zhang Jing Wang |
| author_sort | Yang Yue |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sea slater <i>Ligia exotica</i> is believed to have effects of reducing swelling and relieving pain in Chinese folk medicine. However, the scientific foundation of using the sea slater <i>Ligia</i> spp. as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory material remains elusive. In the present study, various organic extracts from sea slater <i>L. exotica</i> were subjected to biological screening employing in vitro and in vivo models, and chemical phenotypes of the biologically active extract were deciphered by integrated gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling and MS/MS-based molecular networking. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that petroleum ether extract (PE) from <i>L. exotica</i> possessed remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Moreover, intragastric administration of PE at 200 mg/kg produced analgesic effects in both the writhing test and hot plate test. GC-MS analysis revealed that Z-9-hexadecenoic acid and 6-octadecenoic acid dominated in the volatile compositions of PE. Molecular networking (MN) suggested great chemical diversity within <i>L. exotica</i>. In total, 69 known compounds were identified in <i>Ligia</i> extracts by MS/MS spectral matching, and at least 7 analogues from two clusters of nitrogen-containing compounds (MN<sub>3,4</sub>) were strongly suggested as novel compounds. The molecular families MN<sub>1,3,4</sub> were almost exclusively detected in the biologically active PE and ethyl acetate extract (EE). Importantly, various known compounds identified in MN<sub>1</sub> were reported to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in the literature, which may contribute to the observed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of <i>L. exotica</i>. The present study not only demonstrated the ethnopharmaceutical value of <i>L. exotica</i> for pain-relief in Chinese folk medicine, but also suggested that sea slaters may represent a promising source for discovery of novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:25:28Z |
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| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:25:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a73860801b64b349ab70e46c5eba2462022-12-22T04:22:05ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972019-07-0117739510.3390/md17070395md17070395Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em>Yang Yue0Quanbin Zhang1Jing Wang2Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaKey Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaKey Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaThe sea slater <i>Ligia exotica</i> is believed to have effects of reducing swelling and relieving pain in Chinese folk medicine. However, the scientific foundation of using the sea slater <i>Ligia</i> spp. as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory material remains elusive. In the present study, various organic extracts from sea slater <i>L. exotica</i> were subjected to biological screening employing in vitro and in vivo models, and chemical phenotypes of the biologically active extract were deciphered by integrated gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling and MS/MS-based molecular networking. The results demonstrated, for the first time, that petroleum ether extract (PE) from <i>L. exotica</i> possessed remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Moreover, intragastric administration of PE at 200 mg/kg produced analgesic effects in both the writhing test and hot plate test. GC-MS analysis revealed that Z-9-hexadecenoic acid and 6-octadecenoic acid dominated in the volatile compositions of PE. Molecular networking (MN) suggested great chemical diversity within <i>L. exotica</i>. In total, 69 known compounds were identified in <i>Ligia</i> extracts by MS/MS spectral matching, and at least 7 analogues from two clusters of nitrogen-containing compounds (MN<sub>3,4</sub>) were strongly suggested as novel compounds. The molecular families MN<sub>1,3,4</sub> were almost exclusively detected in the biologically active PE and ethyl acetate extract (EE). Importantly, various known compounds identified in MN<sub>1</sub> were reported to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in the literature, which may contribute to the observed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of <i>L. exotica</i>. The present study not only demonstrated the ethnopharmaceutical value of <i>L. exotica</i> for pain-relief in Chinese folk medicine, but also suggested that sea slaters may represent a promising source for discovery of novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds in the near future.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/7/395<i>Ligia</i> sp.analgesic effectsanti-inflammatory activitiesmolecular networkingGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Yang Yue Quanbin Zhang Jing Wang Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em> Marine Drugs <i>Ligia</i> sp. analgesic effects anti-inflammatory activities molecular networking GC-MS |
| title | Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em> |
| title_full | Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em> |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em> |
| title_short | Integrated Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking Reveals the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes of the Sea Slater <em>Ligia exotica</em> |
| title_sort | integrated gas chromatograph mass spectrometry gc ms and ms ms based molecular networking reveals the analgesic and anti inflammatory phenotypes of the sea slater em ligia exotica em |
| topic | <i>Ligia</i> sp. analgesic effects anti-inflammatory activities molecular networking GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/7/395 |
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