Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate?
Adrenal cysts are uncommon and usually asymptomatic, and therefore are usually incidentally discovered adrenal lesions. They have a broad pathohistological spectrum that includes pseudocysts and endothelial (vascular), parasitic, and epithelial (mesothelial) cysts. Although most adrenal cysts are be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/3/846 |
| _version_ | 1797318512734109696 |
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| author | Ivana Bozic Antic Igor Djurisic Srdjan Nikolic |
| author_facet | Ivana Bozic Antic Igor Djurisic Srdjan Nikolic |
| author_sort | Ivana Bozic Antic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adrenal cysts are uncommon and usually asymptomatic, and therefore are usually incidentally discovered adrenal lesions. They have a broad pathohistological spectrum that includes pseudocysts and endothelial (vascular), parasitic, and epithelial (mesothelial) cysts. Although most adrenal cysts are benign and hormonally non-functional lesions, some can have ambiguous imaging appearances and mimic malignant adrenal neoplasms. On the other hand, the actual malignant neoplasms could undergo cystic transformation. Additionally, immune cell infiltrations, thrombosis, or haemorrhage seen in sepsis can frequently cause adrenal cyst development, raising a question about the possible connection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and adrenal cystic lesions. Due to the disease’s rarity, the likelihood of malignancy, and the lack of specific guidelines, the management of adrenal cysts is always challenging especially in a young person. This review discusses the important diagnostic and the current treatment possibilities for adrenal cystic lesions. Aiming to emphasize clinical dilemmas and help clinicians navigate the challenges when encountering a patient with an adrenal cyst in everyday practice, we based our review on a practical question–answer framework centred around the case of a young woman with an incidentally discovered large adrenal cyst. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:53:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a7e93c8646942fc9d1327eea071a61a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:53:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a7e93c8646942fc9d1327eea071a61a2024-02-09T15:16:23ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832024-02-0113384610.3390/jcm13030846Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate?Ivana Bozic Antic0Igor Djurisic1Srdjan Nikolic2Department of Endocrinology, Euromedik General Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaAdrenal cysts are uncommon and usually asymptomatic, and therefore are usually incidentally discovered adrenal lesions. They have a broad pathohistological spectrum that includes pseudocysts and endothelial (vascular), parasitic, and epithelial (mesothelial) cysts. Although most adrenal cysts are benign and hormonally non-functional lesions, some can have ambiguous imaging appearances and mimic malignant adrenal neoplasms. On the other hand, the actual malignant neoplasms could undergo cystic transformation. Additionally, immune cell infiltrations, thrombosis, or haemorrhage seen in sepsis can frequently cause adrenal cyst development, raising a question about the possible connection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and adrenal cystic lesions. Due to the disease’s rarity, the likelihood of malignancy, and the lack of specific guidelines, the management of adrenal cysts is always challenging especially in a young person. This review discusses the important diagnostic and the current treatment possibilities for adrenal cystic lesions. Aiming to emphasize clinical dilemmas and help clinicians navigate the challenges when encountering a patient with an adrenal cyst in everyday practice, we based our review on a practical question–answer framework centred around the case of a young woman with an incidentally discovered large adrenal cyst.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/3/846adrenal cystendothelialadrenal gland surgerySARS-CoV-2COVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Ivana Bozic Antic Igor Djurisic Srdjan Nikolic Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate? Journal of Clinical Medicine adrenal cyst endothelial adrenal gland surgery SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 |
| title | Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate? |
| title_full | Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate? |
| title_fullStr | Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate? |
| title_short | Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate? |
| title_sort | adrenal cysts to operate or not to operate |
| topic | adrenal cyst endothelial adrenal gland surgery SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/3/846 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivanabozicantic adrenalcyststooperateornottooperate AT igordjurisic adrenalcyststooperateornottooperate AT srdjannikolic adrenalcyststooperateornottooperate |