Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations
The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.01039/full |
| _version_ | 1818470260339113984 |
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| author | Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz José Alberto Choreño-Parra José Alberto Choreño-Parra Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Gabriela García-Quintero Gabriela García-Quintero |
| author_facet | Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz José Alberto Choreño-Parra José Alberto Choreño-Parra Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Gabriela García-Quintero Gabriela García-Quintero |
| author_sort | Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:35:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a86c01c29e34f059a2c6051cb2e0144 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:35:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a86c01c29e34f059a2c6051cb2e01442022-12-22T02:29:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952020-09-011110.3389/fneur.2020.01039554623Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and ManifestationsParménides Guadarrama-Ortiz0José Alberto Choreño-Parra1José Alberto Choreño-Parra2Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez3Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez4Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez5Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava6Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava7Gabriela García-Quintero8Gabriela García-Quintero9Departament of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoDepartament of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoDepartament of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoInternado Medico de Pregrado, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoInternado Medico de Pregrado, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoInternado Medico de Pregrado, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoThe human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.01039/fullcoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2severe acute respiratory syndromepneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz José Alberto Choreño-Parra José Alberto Choreño-Parra Claudia Marisol Sánchez-Martínez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Francisco Javier Pacheco-Sánchez Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Alberto Iván Rodríguez-Nava Gabriela García-Quintero Gabriela García-Quintero Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations Frontiers in Neurology coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome pneumonia |
| title | Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
| title_full | Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
| title_fullStr | Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
| title_short | Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations |
| title_sort | neurological aspects of sars cov 2 infection mechanisms and manifestations |
| topic | coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome pneumonia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.01039/full |
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