Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond
The diffusion of small particles is omnipresent in many processes occurring in nature. As such, it is widely studied and exerted in almost all branches of sciences. It constitutes such a broad and often rather complex subject of exploration that we opt here to narrow our survey to the case of the di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/42 |
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| author | Jakub Spiechowicz Ivan G. Marchenko Peter Hänggi Jerzy Łuczka |
| author_facet | Jakub Spiechowicz Ivan G. Marchenko Peter Hänggi Jerzy Łuczka |
| author_sort | Jakub Spiechowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The diffusion of small particles is omnipresent in many processes occurring in nature. As such, it is widely studied and exerted in almost all branches of sciences. It constitutes such a broad and often rather complex subject of exploration that we opt here to narrow our survey to the case of the diffusion coefficient for a Brownian particle that can be modeled in the framework of Langevin dynamics. Our main focus centers on the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient for several fundamental models of diverse physical systems. Starting out with diffusion in equilibrium for which the Einstein theory holds, we consider a number of physical situations outside of free Brownian motion and end by surveying nonequilibrium diffusion for a time-periodically driven Brownian particle dwelling randomly in a periodic potential. For this latter situation the diffusion coefficient exhibits an intriguingly non-monotonic dependence on temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a8bb7b9c92a4a66907ab7955d28276c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a8bb7b9c92a4a66907ab7955d28276c2023-11-30T22:07:25ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002022-12-012514210.3390/e25010042Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and BeyondJakub Spiechowicz0Ivan G. Marchenko1Peter Hänggi2Jerzy Łuczka3Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, GermanyInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, PolandThe diffusion of small particles is omnipresent in many processes occurring in nature. As such, it is widely studied and exerted in almost all branches of sciences. It constitutes such a broad and often rather complex subject of exploration that we opt here to narrow our survey to the case of the diffusion coefficient for a Brownian particle that can be modeled in the framework of Langevin dynamics. Our main focus centers on the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient for several fundamental models of diverse physical systems. Starting out with diffusion in equilibrium for which the Einstein theory holds, we consider a number of physical situations outside of free Brownian motion and end by surveying nonequilibrium diffusion for a time-periodically driven Brownian particle dwelling randomly in a periodic potential. For this latter situation the diffusion coefficient exhibits an intriguingly non-monotonic dependence on temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/42diffusion coefficientBrownian particletemperatureEinstein relationperiodic potential |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Spiechowicz Ivan G. Marchenko Peter Hänggi Jerzy Łuczka Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond Entropy diffusion coefficient Brownian particle temperature Einstein relation periodic potential |
| title | Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond |
| title_full | Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond |
| title_fullStr | Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond |
| title_short | Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle in Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium: Einstein Model and Beyond |
| title_sort | diffusion coefficient of a brownian particle in equilibrium and nonequilibrium einstein model and beyond |
| topic | diffusion coefficient Brownian particle temperature Einstein relation periodic potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/42 |
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