Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor
Acetoin and diacetyl have a major impact on the flavor of alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. Therefore, their measurement is important during the fermentation process. Until now, gas chromatographic techniques have typically been applied; however, these require expensive laboratory equipment...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/6/218 |
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| author | Melanie Welden Robin Severins Arshak Poghossian Christina Wege Johannes Bongaerts Petra Siegert Michael Keusgen Michael J. Schöning |
| author_facet | Melanie Welden Robin Severins Arshak Poghossian Christina Wege Johannes Bongaerts Petra Siegert Michael Keusgen Michael J. Schöning |
| author_sort | Melanie Welden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acetoin and diacetyl have a major impact on the flavor of alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. Therefore, their measurement is important during the fermentation process. Until now, gas chromatographic techniques have typically been applied; however, these require expensive laboratory equipment and trained staff, and do not allow for online monitoring. In this work, a capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor modified with <i>tobacco mosaic virus</i> (TMV) particles as enzyme nanocarriers for the detection of acetoin and diacetyl is presented. The enzyme acetoin reductase from <i>Alkalihalobacillus clausii</i> DSM 8716<sup>T</sup> is immobilized via biotin–streptavidin affinity, binding to the surface of the TMV particles. The TMV-assisted biosensor is electrochemically characterized by means of leakage–current, capacitance–voltage, and constant capacitance measurements. In this paper, the novel biosensor is studied regarding its sensitivity and long-term stability in buffer solution. Moreover, the TMV-assisted capacitive field-effect sensor is applied for the detection of diacetyl for the first time. The measurement of acetoin and diacetyl with the same sensor setup is demonstrated. Finally, the successive detection of acetoin and diacetyl in buffer and in diluted beer is studied by tuning the sensitivity of the biosensor using the pH value of the measurement solution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:07:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a8be10d7376454192db96931297fb6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:07:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a8be10d7376454192db96931297fb6f2023-11-23T16:04:07ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402022-06-0110621810.3390/chemosensors10060218Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect BiosensorMelanie Welden0Robin Severins1Arshak Poghossian2Christina Wege3Johannes Bongaerts4Petra Siegert5Michael Keusgen6Michael J. Schöning7Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, GermanyMicroNanoBio, 40479 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, GermanyInstitute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, GermanyAcetoin and diacetyl have a major impact on the flavor of alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. Therefore, their measurement is important during the fermentation process. Until now, gas chromatographic techniques have typically been applied; however, these require expensive laboratory equipment and trained staff, and do not allow for online monitoring. In this work, a capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor modified with <i>tobacco mosaic virus</i> (TMV) particles as enzyme nanocarriers for the detection of acetoin and diacetyl is presented. The enzyme acetoin reductase from <i>Alkalihalobacillus clausii</i> DSM 8716<sup>T</sup> is immobilized via biotin–streptavidin affinity, binding to the surface of the TMV particles. The TMV-assisted biosensor is electrochemically characterized by means of leakage–current, capacitance–voltage, and constant capacitance measurements. In this paper, the novel biosensor is studied regarding its sensitivity and long-term stability in buffer solution. Moreover, the TMV-assisted capacitive field-effect sensor is applied for the detection of diacetyl for the first time. The measurement of acetoin and diacetyl with the same sensor setup is demonstrated. Finally, the successive detection of acetoin and diacetyl in buffer and in diluted beer is studied by tuning the sensitivity of the biosensor using the pH value of the measurement solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/6/218diacetylacetoincapacitive field-effect biosensor<i>tobacco mosaic virus</i>acetoin reductasealcoholic beverages |
| spellingShingle | Melanie Welden Robin Severins Arshak Poghossian Christina Wege Johannes Bongaerts Petra Siegert Michael Keusgen Michael J. Schöning Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor Chemosensors diacetyl acetoin capacitive field-effect biosensor <i>tobacco mosaic virus</i> acetoin reductase alcoholic beverages |
| title | Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor |
| title_full | Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor |
| title_short | Detection of Acetoin and Diacetyl by a <i>Tobacco Mosaic Virus</i>-Assisted Field-Effect Biosensor |
| title_sort | detection of acetoin and diacetyl by a i tobacco mosaic virus i assisted field effect biosensor |
| topic | diacetyl acetoin capacitive field-effect biosensor <i>tobacco mosaic virus</i> acetoin reductase alcoholic beverages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/6/218 |
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