Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals.
In vitro toxicological studies together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that occupational co-exposure with C60 fullerene may strengthen the health effects of organic industrial chemicals. The chemicals studied are acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, m-cresol, and toluene w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4256445?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819109193843474432 |
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| author | Maili Lehto Topi Karilainen Tomasz Róg Oana Cramariuc Esa Vanhala Jarkko Tornaeus Helena Taberman Janne Jänis Harri Alenius Ilpo Vattulainen Olli Laine |
| author_facet | Maili Lehto Topi Karilainen Tomasz Róg Oana Cramariuc Esa Vanhala Jarkko Tornaeus Helena Taberman Janne Jänis Harri Alenius Ilpo Vattulainen Olli Laine |
| author_sort | Maili Lehto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In vitro toxicological studies together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that occupational co-exposure with C60 fullerene may strengthen the health effects of organic industrial chemicals. The chemicals studied are acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, m-cresol, and toluene which can be used with fullerene as reagents or solvents in industrial processes. Potential co-exposure scenarios include a fullerene dust and organic chemical vapor, or a fullerene solution aerosolized in workplace air. Unfiltered and filtered mixtures of C60 and organic chemicals represent different co-exposure scenarios in in vitro studies where acute cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 and organic chemicals are tested together and alone by using human THP-1-derived macrophages. Statistically significant co-effects are observed for an unfiltered mixture of benzaldehyde and C60 that is more cytotoxic than benzaldehyde alone, and for a filtered mixture of m-cresol and C60 that is slightly less cytotoxic than m-cresol. Hydrophobicity of chemicals correlates with co-effects when secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α is considered. Complementary atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that C60 co-aggregates with all chemicals in aqueous environment. Stable aggregates have a fullerene-rich core and a chemical-rich surface layer, and while essentially all C60 molecules aggregate together, a portion of organic molecules remains in water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T03:21:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a8f7ea3086a4f1591f6536f394505b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T03:21:56Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a8f7ea3086a4f1591f6536f394505b32022-12-21T18:40:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01912e11449010.1371/journal.pone.0114490Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals.Maili LehtoTopi KarilainenTomasz RógOana CramariucEsa VanhalaJarkko TornaeusHelena TabermanJanne JänisHarri AleniusIlpo VattulainenOlli LaineIn vitro toxicological studies together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that occupational co-exposure with C60 fullerene may strengthen the health effects of organic industrial chemicals. The chemicals studied are acetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, m-cresol, and toluene which can be used with fullerene as reagents or solvents in industrial processes. Potential co-exposure scenarios include a fullerene dust and organic chemical vapor, or a fullerene solution aerosolized in workplace air. Unfiltered and filtered mixtures of C60 and organic chemicals represent different co-exposure scenarios in in vitro studies where acute cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 and organic chemicals are tested together and alone by using human THP-1-derived macrophages. Statistically significant co-effects are observed for an unfiltered mixture of benzaldehyde and C60 that is more cytotoxic than benzaldehyde alone, and for a filtered mixture of m-cresol and C60 that is slightly less cytotoxic than m-cresol. Hydrophobicity of chemicals correlates with co-effects when secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α is considered. Complementary atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that C60 co-aggregates with all chemicals in aqueous environment. Stable aggregates have a fullerene-rich core and a chemical-rich surface layer, and while essentially all C60 molecules aggregate together, a portion of organic molecules remains in water.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4256445?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Maili Lehto Topi Karilainen Tomasz Róg Oana Cramariuc Esa Vanhala Jarkko Tornaeus Helena Taberman Janne Jänis Harri Alenius Ilpo Vattulainen Olli Laine Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals. PLoS ONE |
| title | Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals. |
| title_full | Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals. |
| title_fullStr | Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals. |
| title_short | Co-exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals. |
| title_sort | co exposure with fullerene may strengthen health effects of organic industrial chemicals |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4256445?pdf=render |
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