A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Fault tolerance is the key technology in wireless sensor networks which attracts many research interests. Aiming at the issue that the nodes' failures affect the network's stability and service quality, a vascular-network-based fault-tolerant routing algorithm is presented by nonuniform hi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi - SAGE Publishing
2012-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/981380 |
| _version_ | 1827000657128718336 |
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| author | Hongbing Li Peng Gao Qingyu Xiong Weiren Shi Qiang Chen |
| author_facet | Hongbing Li Peng Gao Qingyu Xiong Weiren Shi Qiang Chen |
| author_sort | Hongbing Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fault tolerance is the key technology in wireless sensor networks which attracts many research interests. Aiming at the issue that the nodes' failures affect the network's stability and service quality, a vascular-network-based fault-tolerant routing algorithm is presented by nonuniform hierarchical clustering. According to the distribution characteristics of the vascular network and inspirations to the fault tolerance for wireless sensor networks, a mathematical model and network topology are, respectively, established. It applies the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) to the nonuniform hierarchical clustering, and multipaths are established between the neighbor hierarchical nodes based on the best-worst ant system (BWAS). It introduces the normalized values of the pheromone generated by the ants as the selection probabilities of transmitting paths to establish the hierarchical routing. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the algorithm has higher packet receiving rates, lower average transmission delay, and balanced energy consumption. It has the good performance in fault tolerance and stability of data transmitting, and it avoids the hot issue in energy consumption and achieves the network load balance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:41:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a9ca702a4494f3aa4a62f35b91c16c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-18T10:48:19Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi - SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a9ca702a4494f3aa4a62f35b91c16c42024-11-02T05:26:57ZengHindawi - SAGE PublishingInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772012-11-01810.1155/2012/981380A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor NetworksHongbing Li0Peng Gao1Qingyu Xiong2Weiren Shi3Qiang Chen4 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, ChinaFault tolerance is the key technology in wireless sensor networks which attracts many research interests. Aiming at the issue that the nodes' failures affect the network's stability and service quality, a vascular-network-based fault-tolerant routing algorithm is presented by nonuniform hierarchical clustering. According to the distribution characteristics of the vascular network and inspirations to the fault tolerance for wireless sensor networks, a mathematical model and network topology are, respectively, established. It applies the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) to the nonuniform hierarchical clustering, and multipaths are established between the neighbor hierarchical nodes based on the best-worst ant system (BWAS). It introduces the normalized values of the pheromone generated by the ants as the selection probabilities of transmitting paths to establish the hierarchical routing. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the algorithm has higher packet receiving rates, lower average transmission delay, and balanced energy consumption. It has the good performance in fault tolerance and stability of data transmitting, and it avoids the hot issue in energy consumption and achieves the network load balance.https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/981380 |
| spellingShingle | Hongbing Li Peng Gao Qingyu Xiong Weiren Shi Qiang Chen A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | A Vascular-Network-Based Nonuniform Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | vascular network based nonuniform hierarchical fault tolerant routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/981380 |
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