Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy
The poultry red mite <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> is the most important blood-sucking ectoparasite in egg-laying hen facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of different concentration of authorized (phoxim, ByeMite<sup>®</sup>, 500 mg...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/9/486 |
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| author | Alessandro Guerrini Benedetto Morandi Paola Roncada Gianfranco Brambilla Filippo Maria Dini Roberta Galuppi |
| author_facet | Alessandro Guerrini Benedetto Morandi Paola Roncada Gianfranco Brambilla Filippo Maria Dini Roberta Galuppi |
| author_sort | Alessandro Guerrini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The poultry red mite <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> is the most important blood-sucking ectoparasite in egg-laying hen facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of different concentration of authorized (phoxim, ByeMite<sup>®</sup>, 500 mg/mL) and unauthorized (fipronil, Frontline<sup>®</sup> 250 mg/100 mL spray) molecules on 14 field isolates of <i>D. gallinae</i> collected from different ornamental poultry farms from different Italian regions. The sensitivity test was performed by contact exposure to four concentrations of each insecticide diluted at 1:5 (10,000-2000-400-80 ppm for phoxim, 500-100-20-4 ppm for fipronil) on a filter paper. The effectiveness of the treatment was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) associated with the dose of the pesticide used. Considering the mean lethality, phoxim has greater efficacy compared to fipronil (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A great variability of lethality rate was observed with the increase in fipronil dilution; conversely, for phoxim, some outliers were observed, particularly in one farm, suggesting the hypothesis that a certain degree of resistance in the mite population could occur possibly as a consequence of the continual contact with the molecule. This underlines the importance of the use of licensed products administered at correct dosages and the need for alternative molecules to avoid the onset of drug resistance phenomena. |
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| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:15:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a9dfa60399b45168e5877ba9388f8cd2023-11-23T19:24:14ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812022-09-019948610.3390/vetsci9090486Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in ItalyAlessandro Guerrini0Benedetto Morandi1Paola Roncada2Gianfranco Brambilla3Filippo Maria Dini4Roberta Galuppi5Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Reparto Malattie Trasmissibili con gli Alimenti, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, ItalyThe poultry red mite <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> is the most important blood-sucking ectoparasite in egg-laying hen facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of different concentration of authorized (phoxim, ByeMite<sup>®</sup>, 500 mg/mL) and unauthorized (fipronil, Frontline<sup>®</sup> 250 mg/100 mL spray) molecules on 14 field isolates of <i>D. gallinae</i> collected from different ornamental poultry farms from different Italian regions. The sensitivity test was performed by contact exposure to four concentrations of each insecticide diluted at 1:5 (10,000-2000-400-80 ppm for phoxim, 500-100-20-4 ppm for fipronil) on a filter paper. The effectiveness of the treatment was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) associated with the dose of the pesticide used. Considering the mean lethality, phoxim has greater efficacy compared to fipronil (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A great variability of lethality rate was observed with the increase in fipronil dilution; conversely, for phoxim, some outliers were observed, particularly in one farm, suggesting the hypothesis that a certain degree of resistance in the mite population could occur possibly as a consequence of the continual contact with the molecule. This underlines the importance of the use of licensed products administered at correct dosages and the need for alternative molecules to avoid the onset of drug resistance phenomena.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/9/486phoximfipronil<i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i>resistancepharmacovigilance |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Guerrini Benedetto Morandi Paola Roncada Gianfranco Brambilla Filippo Maria Dini Roberta Galuppi Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy Veterinary Sciences phoxim fipronil <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> resistance pharmacovigilance |
| title | Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Acaricidal Effectiveness of Fipronil and Phoxim in Field Populations of <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> (De Geer, 1778) from Ornamental Poultry Farms in Italy |
| title_sort | evaluation of the acaricidal effectiveness of fipronil and phoxim in field populations of i dermanyssus gallinae i de geer 1778 from ornamental poultry farms in italy |
| topic | phoxim fipronil <i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i> resistance pharmacovigilance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/9/486 |
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