| Summary: | Nanostructured metal oxides (MOs) have been a well‐concerning focus for the development of high‐performance supercapacitors due to their capability of delivering pseudocapacitive contribution. To effectively promote the potential of MOs for this purpose, the regulation of their electronic configuration, electrical conductivity, and active sites should be conducted where the introduction of oxygen vacancies (OVs) into MOs offers promising prospects. As a result, a comprehensive summary of the latest progress in this field is of paramount importance. After theoretically analyzing the role of OVs for boosted supercapacitive energy storage performance at the molecular/atomic levels, the possibility of controllably engineering OVs in MOs is discussed to provide valuable guides for experimental design. Then, the continuously emerged technologies for regulating OVs in MOs are classified in a simple yet clear manner, namely, direct incorporation and postregulation. Then, the typical examples of the oxygen‐deficient MOs including single transition MOs, binary transition MOs, and composites with improved electrochemical performance have been discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of this rising field are outlooked to conclude this review.
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