Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats
Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon dried fruits (BME) are used as natural remedies in folk medicine and as dietary supplements. However, the exact mechanism of their beneficial action is not known. The aim of study was to assess how the diet supplementation with PSO and/or with an aqueous s...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5232 |
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| author | Agnieszka Stawarska Tomasz Lepionka Agnieszka Białek Martyna Gawryjołek Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak |
| author_facet | Agnieszka Stawarska Tomasz Lepionka Agnieszka Białek Martyna Gawryjołek Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak |
| author_sort | Agnieszka Stawarska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon dried fruits (BME) are used as natural remedies in folk medicine and as dietary supplements. However, the exact mechanism of their beneficial action is not known. The aim of study was to assess how the diet supplementation with PSO and/or with an aqueous solution of <i>Momordica charantia</i> affects the metabolism of fatty acids, fatty acids composition and the level of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) in rat liver. Animals (Sprague-Dawley female rats, <i>n</i> = 48) were divide into four equinumerous groups and fed as a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with PSO, BME or both PSO and BME for 21 weeks. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. PSO added to the diet increased the rumenic acid content (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and increased accumulation of <i>n</i>-6 fatty acids (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) in hepatic tissue. Enrichment of the diet either with PSO or with BME reduced the activity of Δ<sup>6</sup>-desaturase (D6D) (<i>p</i> = 0.0019), whereas the combination of those dietary factors only slightly increased the effect. Applied dietary supplements significantly reduced the PGE<sub>2</sub> level (<i>p</i> = 0.0021). No significant intensification of the influence on the investigated parameters resulted from combined application of PSO and BME. PSO and BME have potential health-promoting properties because they influence fatty acids composition and exhibit an inhibiting effect on the activity of desaturases and thus they contribute to the reduction in the metabolites of arachidonic acid (especially PGE<sub>2</sub>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:57:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3ac1f979144d4b6caf1adb0273e9572a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:57:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ac1f979144d4b6caf1adb0273e9572a2023-11-20T20:25:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-11-012522523210.3390/molecules25225232Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in RatsAgnieszka Stawarska0Tomasz Lepionka1Agnieszka Białek2Martyna Gawryjołek3Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak4Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandPomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon dried fruits (BME) are used as natural remedies in folk medicine and as dietary supplements. However, the exact mechanism of their beneficial action is not known. The aim of study was to assess how the diet supplementation with PSO and/or with an aqueous solution of <i>Momordica charantia</i> affects the metabolism of fatty acids, fatty acids composition and the level of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) in rat liver. Animals (Sprague-Dawley female rats, <i>n</i> = 48) were divide into four equinumerous groups and fed as a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with PSO, BME or both PSO and BME for 21 weeks. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. PSO added to the diet increased the rumenic acid content (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and increased accumulation of <i>n</i>-6 fatty acids (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) in hepatic tissue. Enrichment of the diet either with PSO or with BME reduced the activity of Δ<sup>6</sup>-desaturase (D6D) (<i>p</i> = 0.0019), whereas the combination of those dietary factors only slightly increased the effect. Applied dietary supplements significantly reduced the PGE<sub>2</sub> level (<i>p</i> = 0.0021). No significant intensification of the influence on the investigated parameters resulted from combined application of PSO and BME. PSO and BME have potential health-promoting properties because they influence fatty acids composition and exhibit an inhibiting effect on the activity of desaturases and thus they contribute to the reduction in the metabolites of arachidonic acid (especially PGE<sub>2</sub>).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5232pomegranate seed oilbitter melonfatty acidsprostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>Δ<sup>6</sup> and Δ<sup>5</sup>-desaturase |
| spellingShingle | Agnieszka Stawarska Tomasz Lepionka Agnieszka Białek Martyna Gawryjołek Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats Molecules pomegranate seed oil bitter melon fatty acids prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Δ<sup>6</sup> and Δ<sup>5</sup>-desaturase |
| title | Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats |
| title_full | Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats |
| title_short | Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats |
| title_sort | pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract affect fatty acids composition and metabolism in hepatic tissue in rats |
| topic | pomegranate seed oil bitter melon fatty acids prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Δ<sup>6</sup> and Δ<sup>5</sup>-desaturase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5232 |
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