Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by mucosal inflammation. Airborne allergens are associated with upper and lower airway inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of airborne allergen stimulation in the nasal epithelial cells and their effect on the periph...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2693 |
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| author | Seung-Heon Shin Mi-Kyung Ye Dong-Won Lee Mi-Hyun Chae Ba-Da Han |
| author_facet | Seung-Heon Shin Mi-Kyung Ye Dong-Won Lee Mi-Hyun Chae Ba-Da Han |
| author_sort | Seung-Heon Shin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by mucosal inflammation. Airborne allergens are associated with upper and lower airway inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of airborne allergen stimulation in the nasal epithelial cells and their effect on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells’ (PBMCs) Th immune polarization. Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in nasal polyp tissues. Cultured primary nasal epithelial cells were stimulated with <i>Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (DP), and <i>Dermatophagoides farina</i> (DF) for 48 hours. IL-6, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP production were measured by ELISA, and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were determined by western blot analyses. PBMCs were cultured with nasal epithelial cell-conditioned media (NECM), and IL-5, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Innate lymphoid type2 cells (ILC2) were analyzed with flowcytometry. IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP levels were significantly higher in eosinophilic nasal polyps. <i>Alternaria</i>, DP, and DF enhanced IL-33 and TSLP production from the nasal epithelial cells through the NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPK pathway. NECM induced IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production from PBMCs, without increasing ILC2 expression. <i>Alternaria</i> and house dust mites enhanced the chemical mediator production from nasal epithelial cells and these allergens may induce not only Th2 inflammatory responses but also Th1 inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:29:49Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:29:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ac65596c2554e41ae82b3f3935353502023-11-19T21:27:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01218269310.3390/ijms21082693Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune ResponsesSeung-Heon Shin0Mi-Kyung Ye1Dong-Won Lee2Mi-Hyun Chae3Ba-Da Han4Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 40472, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 40472, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 40472, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 40472, KoreaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 40472, KoreaChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by mucosal inflammation. Airborne allergens are associated with upper and lower airway inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of airborne allergen stimulation in the nasal epithelial cells and their effect on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells’ (PBMCs) Th immune polarization. Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in nasal polyp tissues. Cultured primary nasal epithelial cells were stimulated with <i>Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (DP), and <i>Dermatophagoides farina</i> (DF) for 48 hours. IL-6, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP production were measured by ELISA, and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were determined by western blot analyses. PBMCs were cultured with nasal epithelial cell-conditioned media (NECM), and IL-5, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Innate lymphoid type2 cells (ILC2) were analyzed with flowcytometry. IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP levels were significantly higher in eosinophilic nasal polyps. <i>Alternaria</i>, DP, and DF enhanced IL-33 and TSLP production from the nasal epithelial cells through the NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPK pathway. NECM induced IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production from PBMCs, without increasing ILC2 expression. <i>Alternaria</i> and house dust mites enhanced the chemical mediator production from nasal epithelial cells and these allergens may induce not only Th2 inflammatory responses but also Th1 inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2693<i>Alternaria</i>house dust mitesrhinosinusitisnasal epithelial cellinnate lymphoid celltranscription factor |
| spellingShingle | Seung-Heon Shin Mi-Kyung Ye Dong-Won Lee Mi-Hyun Chae Ba-Da Han Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Alternaria</i> house dust mites rhinosinusitis nasal epithelial cell innate lymphoid cell transcription factor |
| title | Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses |
| title_full | Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses |
| title_fullStr | Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses |
| title_short | Nasal Epithelial Cells Activated with <i>Alternaria</i> and House Dust Mite Induce Not Only Th2 but Also Th1 Immune Responses |
| title_sort | nasal epithelial cells activated with i alternaria i and house dust mite induce not only th2 but also th1 immune responses |
| topic | <i>Alternaria</i> house dust mites rhinosinusitis nasal epithelial cell innate lymphoid cell transcription factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2693 |
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