Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application
Keeping in view the yield losses instigated by heat stress in several crops, we carried out an experiment to explore the curative effect of exogenous applications of proline on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and water-related attributes of okra genotypes under high-temperature stress (contro...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/685 |
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| author | Rashid Hussain Choudhary Muhammad Ayyub Muhammad Rashid Shaheen Sahar Rashid Muhammad Nafees Saif Ali Madiha Butt Mujahid Ali Ambreen Maqsood Sajid Fiaz Sunny Ahmar Tahir Mahmood Freddy Mora-Poblete |
| author_facet | Rashid Hussain Choudhary Muhammad Ayyub Muhammad Rashid Shaheen Sahar Rashid Muhammad Nafees Saif Ali Madiha Butt Mujahid Ali Ambreen Maqsood Sajid Fiaz Sunny Ahmar Tahir Mahmood Freddy Mora-Poblete |
| author_sort | Rashid Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Keeping in view the yield losses instigated by heat stress in several crops, we carried out an experiment to explore the curative effect of exogenous applications of proline on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and water-related attributes of okra genotypes under high-temperature stress (controlled conditions). Four contrasting genotypes C1, C2, C3, and C4 heat tolerant and heat sensitive genotypes were selected from a diverse panel of okra genotypes (<i>n</i> = 100) to examine plant responses to high-temperature stress and exogenous application of proline. Four-week-old seedlings were subjected to heat stress by gradually increasing the temperature of a growth chamber from 28/22 °C to 45/35 °C (day/night) and sprayed with an optimized proline concentration 2.5 mM. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. The results showed that there were maximum increases in shoot length (32.7%), root length (58.9%), and shoot fresh (85.7%). The quantities of leaves per plant were increased by 52.9%, 123.6%, 82.5%, and 62.2% in C1, C2, C3, and C4 after proline application. On the other hand, only root fresh weight decreased in all genotypes after proline application by 23.1%, 20%, 266.7%, and 280.8% (C1, C2, C3, C4). A lower leaf temperature of 27.72 °C, minimum transpiration of 3.29 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, maximum photosynthesis of 3.91 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, and a maximum water use efficiency of 1.20 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> mmol H<sub>2</sub>O were recorded in the genotypes C2, C1, C3, and C4, respectively. The highest enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were 14.88, 0.31, and 0.15 U mg-protein in C2, C1, and C3, respectively. Maximum leaf proline, glycinebetaine, total free amino acids, and chlorophyll content 3.46 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 4.02 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 3.46 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, and 46.89 (in C2), respectively, due to foliar applications of proline. Another important finding was that heat tolerance in okra was highly linked highly linked to genotypes’ genetic potential, having more water use efficiency, enzymatic activities, and physio-biochemical attributes under the foliar applications of proline. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:37:31Z |
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| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ac7176b78194e2eacd5b45f0706c9d92023-11-21T14:06:29ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-04-0111468510.3390/agronomy11040685Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline ApplicationRashid Hussain0Choudhary Muhammad Ayyub1Muhammad Rashid Shaheen2Sahar Rashid3Muhammad Nafees4Saif Ali5Madiha Butt6Mujahid Ali7Ambreen Maqsood8Sajid Fiaz9Sunny Ahmar10Tahir Mahmood11Freddy Mora-Poblete12Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, PakistanInstitute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, PakistanHorticultural Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah 31200, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22600, kpk, PakistanInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, ChileMolecular Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, PakistanInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, ChileKeeping in view the yield losses instigated by heat stress in several crops, we carried out an experiment to explore the curative effect of exogenous applications of proline on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and water-related attributes of okra genotypes under high-temperature stress (controlled conditions). Four contrasting genotypes C1, C2, C3, and C4 heat tolerant and heat sensitive genotypes were selected from a diverse panel of okra genotypes (<i>n</i> = 100) to examine plant responses to high-temperature stress and exogenous application of proline. Four-week-old seedlings were subjected to heat stress by gradually increasing the temperature of a growth chamber from 28/22 °C to 45/35 °C (day/night) and sprayed with an optimized proline concentration 2.5 mM. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. The results showed that there were maximum increases in shoot length (32.7%), root length (58.9%), and shoot fresh (85.7%). The quantities of leaves per plant were increased by 52.9%, 123.6%, 82.5%, and 62.2% in C1, C2, C3, and C4 after proline application. On the other hand, only root fresh weight decreased in all genotypes after proline application by 23.1%, 20%, 266.7%, and 280.8% (C1, C2, C3, C4). A lower leaf temperature of 27.72 °C, minimum transpiration of 3.29 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, maximum photosynthesis of 3.91 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, and a maximum water use efficiency of 1.20 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> mmol H<sub>2</sub>O were recorded in the genotypes C2, C1, C3, and C4, respectively. The highest enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were 14.88, 0.31, and 0.15 U mg-protein in C2, C1, and C3, respectively. Maximum leaf proline, glycinebetaine, total free amino acids, and chlorophyll content 3.46 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 4.02 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, 3.46 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, and 46.89 (in C2), respectively, due to foliar applications of proline. Another important finding was that heat tolerance in okra was highly linked highly linked to genotypes’ genetic potential, having more water use efficiency, enzymatic activities, and physio-biochemical attributes under the foliar applications of proline.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/685climate changegas exchangeheat stressokraphysiologyproline |
| spellingShingle | Rashid Hussain Choudhary Muhammad Ayyub Muhammad Rashid Shaheen Sahar Rashid Muhammad Nafees Saif Ali Madiha Butt Mujahid Ali Ambreen Maqsood Sajid Fiaz Sunny Ahmar Tahir Mahmood Freddy Mora-Poblete Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application Agronomy climate change gas exchange heat stress okra physiology proline |
| title | Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application |
| title_full | Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application |
| title_short | Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application |
| title_sort | regulation of osmotic balance and increased antioxidant activities under heat stress in i abelmoschus esculentus i l triggered by exogenous proline application |
| topic | climate change gas exchange heat stress okra physiology proline |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/685 |
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