Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice
This paper presents the first empirical estimates of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas fluxes across permeable sea ice in the Arctic. DMS is known to act as a major potential source of aerosols that strongly influence the Earth’s radiative balance in remote marine regions during the ice-free season. Result...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BioOne
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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| Online Access: | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/370 |
| _version_ | 1829143570927321088 |
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| author | Margaux Gourdal Odile Crabeck Martine Lizotte Virginie Galindo Michel Gosselin Marcel Babin Michael Scarratt Maurice Levasseur |
| author_facet | Margaux Gourdal Odile Crabeck Martine Lizotte Virginie Galindo Michel Gosselin Marcel Babin Michael Scarratt Maurice Levasseur |
| author_sort | Margaux Gourdal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the first empirical estimates of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas fluxes across permeable sea ice in the Arctic. DMS is known to act as a major potential source of aerosols that strongly influence the Earth’s radiative balance in remote marine regions during the ice-free season. Results from a sampling campaign, undertaken in 2015 between June 2 and June 28 in the ice-covered Western Baffin Bay, revealed the presence of high algal biomass in the bottom 0.1-m section of sea ice (21 to 380 μg Chl 'a' L–1) combined with the presence of high DMS concentrations (212–840 nmol L–1). While ice algae acted as local sources of DMS in bottom sea ice, thermohaline changes within the brine network, from gravity drainage to vertical stabilization, exerted strong control on the distribution of DMS within the interior of the ice. We estimated both the mean DMS molecular diffusion coefficient in brine (5.2 × 10–5 cm2 s–1 ± 51% relative S.D., n = 10) and the mean bulk transport coefficient within sea ice (33 × 10–5 cm2 s–1 ± 41% relative S.D., n = 10). The estimated DMS fluxes ± S.D. from the bottom ice to the atmosphere ranged between 0.47 ± 0.08 μmol m–2 d–1 (n = 5, diffusion) and 0.40 ± 0.15 μmol m–2 d–1 (n = 5, bulk transport) during the vertically stable phase. These fluxes fall within the lower range of direct summer sea-to-air DMS flfluxes reported in the Arctic. Our results indicate that upward transport of DMS, from the algal-rich bottom of first-year sea ice through the permeable sea ice, may represent an important pathway for this biogenic gas toward the atmosphere in ice-covered oceans in spring and summer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:51:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3acc437bf9b743a3b768962ca3343c99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2325-1026 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:51:49Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | BioOne |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
| spelling | doaj.art-3acc437bf9b743a3b768962ca3343c992022-12-21T22:47:47ZengBioOneElementa: Science of the Anthropocene2325-10262019-08-017110.1525/elementa.370343Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea iceMargaux Gourdal0Odile Crabeck1Martine Lizotte2Virginie Galindo3Michel Gosselin4Marcel Babin5Michael Scarratt6Maurice Levasseur7Département de biologie, Québec-Océan and Unité Mixte Internationale TAKUVIK, CNRS-Université Laval, Québec, QCCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environment, University of East-AngliaDépartement de biologie, Québec-Océan and Unité Mixte Internationale TAKUVIK, CNRS-Université Laval, Québec, QCInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QCInstitut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QCDépartement de biologie, Québec-Océan and Unité Mixte Internationale TAKUVIK, CNRS-Université Laval, Québec, QCMaurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, QCDépartement de biologie, Québec-Océan and Unité Mixte Internationale TAKUVIK, CNRS-Université Laval, Québec, QCThis paper presents the first empirical estimates of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas fluxes across permeable sea ice in the Arctic. DMS is known to act as a major potential source of aerosols that strongly influence the Earth’s radiative balance in remote marine regions during the ice-free season. Results from a sampling campaign, undertaken in 2015 between June 2 and June 28 in the ice-covered Western Baffin Bay, revealed the presence of high algal biomass in the bottom 0.1-m section of sea ice (21 to 380 μg Chl 'a' L–1) combined with the presence of high DMS concentrations (212–840 nmol L–1). While ice algae acted as local sources of DMS in bottom sea ice, thermohaline changes within the brine network, from gravity drainage to vertical stabilization, exerted strong control on the distribution of DMS within the interior of the ice. We estimated both the mean DMS molecular diffusion coefficient in brine (5.2 × 10–5 cm2 s–1 ± 51% relative S.D., n = 10) and the mean bulk transport coefficient within sea ice (33 × 10–5 cm2 s–1 ± 41% relative S.D., n = 10). The estimated DMS fluxes ± S.D. from the bottom ice to the atmosphere ranged between 0.47 ± 0.08 μmol m–2 d–1 (n = 5, diffusion) and 0.40 ± 0.15 μmol m–2 d–1 (n = 5, bulk transport) during the vertically stable phase. These fluxes fall within the lower range of direct summer sea-to-air DMS flfluxes reported in the Arctic. Our results indicate that upward transport of DMS, from the algal-rich bottom of first-year sea ice through the permeable sea ice, may represent an important pathway for this biogenic gas toward the atmosphere in ice-covered oceans in spring and summer.https://www.elementascience.org/articles/370DMSSea iceGas exchangesBiogenic gas fluxesArctic |
| spellingShingle | Margaux Gourdal Odile Crabeck Martine Lizotte Virginie Galindo Michel Gosselin Marcel Babin Michael Scarratt Maurice Levasseur Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene DMS Sea ice Gas exchanges Biogenic gas fluxes Arctic |
| title | Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice |
| title_full | Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice |
| title_fullStr | Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice |
| title_short | Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice |
| title_sort | upward transport of bottom ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first year sea ice |
| topic | DMS Sea ice Gas exchanges Biogenic gas fluxes Arctic |
| url | https://www.elementascience.org/articles/370 |
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