Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain
A better understanding of biological and emotional variables associated with health-related quality of life in people with long-COVID is needed. Our aim was to identify potential direct and indirect effects on the relationships between sensitization-associated symptoms, mood disorders such as anxiet...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Brain Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/10/1363 |
| _version_ | 1827651228262203392 |
|---|---|
| author | Juan C. Pacho-Hernández César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Stella Fuensalida-Novo Carmen Jiménez-Antona Ricardo Ortega-Santiago Margarita Cigarán-Mendez |
| author_facet | Juan C. Pacho-Hernández César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Stella Fuensalida-Novo Carmen Jiménez-Antona Ricardo Ortega-Santiago Margarita Cigarán-Mendez |
| author_sort | Juan C. Pacho-Hernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A better understanding of biological and emotional variables associated with health-related quality of life in people with long-COVID is needed. Our aim was to identify potential direct and indirect effects on the relationships between sensitization-associated symptoms, mood disorders such as anxiety/depressive levels, and sleep quality on health-related quality of life in people suffering from post-COVID-19 pain. One hundred and forty-six individuals who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic and suffering from long-term post-COVID-19 pain completed different patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including clinical features, symptoms associated with sensitization of the central nervous system (Central Sensitization Inventory), mood disorders (Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and health-related quality of life (paper-based five-level version of EuroQol-5D) in a face-to-face interview conducted at 18.8 (SD 1.8) months after hospitalization. Different mediation models were conducted to assess the direct and indirect effects of the associations among the different variables. The mediation models revealed that sensitization-associated symptoms and depressive levels directly affected health-related quality of life; however, these effects were not statistically significant when sleep quality was included. In fact, the effect of sensitization-associated symptomatology on quality of life (β = −0.10, 95% CI −0.1736, −0.0373), the effect of depressive levels on quality of life (β= −0.09, 95% CI −0.1789, −0.0314), and the effect of anxiety levels on quality of life (β = −0.09, 95% CI −0.1648, −0.0337) were all indirectly mediated by sleep quality. This study revealed that sleep quality mediates the relationship between sensitization-associated symptoms and mood disorders (depressive/anxiety levels) with health-related quality of life in individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at the first wave of the pandemic and reporting post-COVID-19 pain. Longitudinal studies will help to determine the clinical implications of these findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:34:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ad6d3d589114e078d5f4400ea994758 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:34:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ad6d3d589114e078d5f4400ea9947582023-11-23T23:14:12ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-10-011210136310.3390/brainsci12101363Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 PainJuan C. Pacho-Hernández0César Fernández-de-las-Peñas1Stella Fuensalida-Novo2Carmen Jiménez-Antona3Ricardo Ortega-Santiago4Margarita Cigarán-Mendez5Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, SpainA better understanding of biological and emotional variables associated with health-related quality of life in people with long-COVID is needed. Our aim was to identify potential direct and indirect effects on the relationships between sensitization-associated symptoms, mood disorders such as anxiety/depressive levels, and sleep quality on health-related quality of life in people suffering from post-COVID-19 pain. One hundred and forty-six individuals who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic and suffering from long-term post-COVID-19 pain completed different patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including clinical features, symptoms associated with sensitization of the central nervous system (Central Sensitization Inventory), mood disorders (Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and health-related quality of life (paper-based five-level version of EuroQol-5D) in a face-to-face interview conducted at 18.8 (SD 1.8) months after hospitalization. Different mediation models were conducted to assess the direct and indirect effects of the associations among the different variables. The mediation models revealed that sensitization-associated symptoms and depressive levels directly affected health-related quality of life; however, these effects were not statistically significant when sleep quality was included. In fact, the effect of sensitization-associated symptomatology on quality of life (β = −0.10, 95% CI −0.1736, −0.0373), the effect of depressive levels on quality of life (β= −0.09, 95% CI −0.1789, −0.0314), and the effect of anxiety levels on quality of life (β = −0.09, 95% CI −0.1648, −0.0337) were all indirectly mediated by sleep quality. This study revealed that sleep quality mediates the relationship between sensitization-associated symptoms and mood disorders (depressive/anxiety levels) with health-related quality of life in individuals who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at the first wave of the pandemic and reporting post-COVID-19 pain. Longitudinal studies will help to determine the clinical implications of these findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/10/1363post-COVID-19sensitizationdepressionanxietysleepquality of life |
| spellingShingle | Juan C. Pacho-Hernández César Fernández-de-las-Peñas Stella Fuensalida-Novo Carmen Jiménez-Antona Ricardo Ortega-Santiago Margarita Cigarán-Mendez Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain Brain Sciences post-COVID-19 sensitization depression anxiety sleep quality of life |
| title | Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain |
| title_full | Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain |
| title_fullStr | Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain |
| title_short | Sleep Quality Mediates the Effect of Sensitization-Associated Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life in Individuals with Post-COVID-19 Pain |
| title_sort | sleep quality mediates the effect of sensitization associated symptoms anxiety and depression on quality of life in individuals with post covid 19 pain |
| topic | post-COVID-19 sensitization depression anxiety sleep quality of life |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/10/1363 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juancpachohernandez sleepqualitymediatestheeffectofsensitizationassociatedsymptomsanxietyanddepressiononqualityoflifeinindividualswithpostcovid19pain AT cesarfernandezdelaspenas sleepqualitymediatestheeffectofsensitizationassociatedsymptomsanxietyanddepressiononqualityoflifeinindividualswithpostcovid19pain AT stellafuensalidanovo sleepqualitymediatestheeffectofsensitizationassociatedsymptomsanxietyanddepressiononqualityoflifeinindividualswithpostcovid19pain AT carmenjimenezantona sleepqualitymediatestheeffectofsensitizationassociatedsymptomsanxietyanddepressiononqualityoflifeinindividualswithpostcovid19pain AT ricardoortegasantiago sleepqualitymediatestheeffectofsensitizationassociatedsymptomsanxietyanddepressiononqualityoflifeinindividualswithpostcovid19pain AT margaritacigaranmendez sleepqualitymediatestheeffectofsensitizationassociatedsymptomsanxietyanddepressiononqualityoflifeinindividualswithpostcovid19pain |