Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are molecular complexes which are extensively used for diagnostic purposes. Apart from their tremendous contribution to disease diagnostics, there are several issues related to their use. They are extremely stable complexes and potential contaminants of surface and g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11368 |
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| author | Violeta Florina Scurtu Doina Clapa Loredana Florina Leopold Floricuța Ranga Ștefania D. Iancu Adrian Ionuț Cadiș Vasile Coman Sonia Ancuța Socaci Augustin C. Moț Cristina Coman |
| author_facet | Violeta Florina Scurtu Doina Clapa Loredana Florina Leopold Floricuța Ranga Ștefania D. Iancu Adrian Ionuț Cadiș Vasile Coman Sonia Ancuța Socaci Augustin C. Moț Cristina Coman |
| author_sort | Violeta Florina Scurtu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gadolinium-based contrast agents are molecular complexes which are extensively used for diagnostic purposes. Apart from their tremendous contribution to disease diagnostics, there are several issues related to their use. They are extremely stable complexes and potential contaminants of surface and ground waters, an issue which is documented worldwide. The irrigation of fields with contaminated surface waters or their fertilization with sludge from wastewater treatment plants can lead to the introduction of Gd into the human food supply chain. Thus, this study focused on the potential toxicity of Gd on plants. For this purpose, we have studied the molecular effects of gadobutrol (a well-known MRI contrast agent) exposure on in vitro-grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>. The effects of gadobutrol on plant morphology, on relevant plant metabolites such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, ascorbic acids (HPLC), minerals (ICP-OES), and on the generation of free radical species (MDA assay and EPR) were assessed. Exposures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, and 3 mM gadobutrol were used. We found a correlation between the gadobutrol dose and the plant growth and concentration of metabolites. Above the 0.1. mM dose of gadobutrol, the toxic effects of Gd<sup>+3</sup> ions became significant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:39:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3adddc1132774ca9809e5b9579958df3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:39:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3adddc1132774ca9809e5b9579958df32023-11-23T20:31:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123191136810.3390/ijms231911368Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on GadobutrolVioleta Florina Scurtu0Doina Clapa1Loredana Florina Leopold2Floricuța Ranga3Ștefania D. Iancu4Adrian Ionuț Cadiș5Vasile Coman6Sonia Ancuța Socaci7Augustin C. Moț8Cristina Coman9Life Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaLife Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaLife Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaLife Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 Kogalniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaRaluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaLife Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaLife Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaLife Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaGadolinium-based contrast agents are molecular complexes which are extensively used for diagnostic purposes. Apart from their tremendous contribution to disease diagnostics, there are several issues related to their use. They are extremely stable complexes and potential contaminants of surface and ground waters, an issue which is documented worldwide. The irrigation of fields with contaminated surface waters or their fertilization with sludge from wastewater treatment plants can lead to the introduction of Gd into the human food supply chain. Thus, this study focused on the potential toxicity of Gd on plants. For this purpose, we have studied the molecular effects of gadobutrol (a well-known MRI contrast agent) exposure on in vitro-grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>. The effects of gadobutrol on plant morphology, on relevant plant metabolites such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, ascorbic acids (HPLC), minerals (ICP-OES), and on the generation of free radical species (MDA assay and EPR) were assessed. Exposures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, and 3 mM gadobutrol were used. We found a correlation between the gadobutrol dose and the plant growth and concentration of metabolites. Above the 0.1. mM dose of gadobutrol, the toxic effects of Gd<sup>+3</sup> ions became significant.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11368gadobutroltoxicityfree radicalsaccumulationgrowthcarotenoids |
| spellingShingle | Violeta Florina Scurtu Doina Clapa Loredana Florina Leopold Floricuța Ranga Ștefania D. Iancu Adrian Ionuț Cadiș Vasile Coman Sonia Ancuța Socaci Augustin C. Moț Cristina Coman Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol International Journal of Molecular Sciences gadobutrol toxicity free radicals accumulation growth carotenoids |
| title | Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol |
| title_full | Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol |
| title_fullStr | Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol |
| title_short | Gadolinium Accumulation and Toxicity on In Vitro Grown <i>Stevia rebaudiana:</i> A Case-Study on Gadobutrol |
| title_sort | gadolinium accumulation and toxicity on in vitro grown i stevia rebaudiana i a case study on gadobutrol |
| topic | gadobutrol toxicity free radicals accumulation growth carotenoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11368 |
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