The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>
<i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is an important target for vector control because of its ability to transmit pathogens that cause disease. Most populations are resistant to pyrethroids and often to organophosphates, the two most common classes of active ingredients used by public health ag...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/197 |
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| author | Alden S. Estep Neil D. Sanscrainte Jason Stuck Isik Unlu Agne Prasauskas Stephanie J. Mundis Nicholas Cotter Ana L. Romero-Weaver Troy J. Fedirko Natalie L. Kendziorski Kyle J. Kosinski Daviela Ramirez Eva A. Buckner |
| author_facet | Alden S. Estep Neil D. Sanscrainte Jason Stuck Isik Unlu Agne Prasauskas Stephanie J. Mundis Nicholas Cotter Ana L. Romero-Weaver Troy J. Fedirko Natalie L. Kendziorski Kyle J. Kosinski Daviela Ramirez Eva A. Buckner |
| author_sort | Alden S. Estep |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is an important target for vector control because of its ability to transmit pathogens that cause disease. Most populations are resistant to pyrethroids and often to organophosphates, the two most common classes of active ingredients used by public health agencies. A knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>) mutation, resulting in an amino acid change from a leucine to phenylalanine in the voltage gated sodium channel, is one mechanism contributing to the pyrethroid resistant phenotype. Enzymatic resistance has also been shown to play a very important role. Recent studies have shown strong resistance in populations even when <i>kdr</i> is relatively low, which indicates that factors other than <i>kdr</i> may be larger contributors to resistance. In this study, we examined, on a statewide scale (over 70 populations), the strength of the correlation between resistance in the CDC bottle bioassay and the <i>kdr</i> genotypes and allele frequencies. Spearman correlation analysis showed only moderate (−0.51) or weak (−0.29) correlation between the <i>kdr</i> genotype and permethrin or deltamethrin resistance, respectively. The frequency of the <i>kdr</i> allele was an even weaker correlate than genotype. These results indicate that assessing <i>kdr</i> in populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is not a good surrogate for phenotypic resistance testing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:10:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ae690a008ae47fe80caa602ac646393 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:10:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ae690a008ae47fe80caa602ac6463932024-03-27T13:47:19ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-03-0115319710.3390/insects15030197The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>Alden S. Estep0Neil D. Sanscrainte1Jason Stuck2Isik Unlu3Agne Prasauskas4Stephanie J. Mundis5Nicholas Cotter6Ana L. Romero-Weaver7Troy J. Fedirko8Natalie L. Kendziorski9Kyle J. Kosinski10Daviela Ramirez11Eva A. Buckner12Mosquito & Fly Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USAMosquito & Fly Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USAPinellas County Public Works—Environmental Management, 22211 U.S. Highway 19 North, Clearwater, FL 33765, USAMiami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, 8901 NW 58th Street, Miami, FL 33178, USAPasco County Mosquito Control District, 2308 Marathon Rd, Odessa, FL 33556, USADepartment of Geography, University of Florida, 330 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611, USALee County Mosquito Control District, 15191 Homestead Road, Lehigh Acres, FL 33971, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA<i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is an important target for vector control because of its ability to transmit pathogens that cause disease. Most populations are resistant to pyrethroids and often to organophosphates, the two most common classes of active ingredients used by public health agencies. A knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>) mutation, resulting in an amino acid change from a leucine to phenylalanine in the voltage gated sodium channel, is one mechanism contributing to the pyrethroid resistant phenotype. Enzymatic resistance has also been shown to play a very important role. Recent studies have shown strong resistance in populations even when <i>kdr</i> is relatively low, which indicates that factors other than <i>kdr</i> may be larger contributors to resistance. In this study, we examined, on a statewide scale (over 70 populations), the strength of the correlation between resistance in the CDC bottle bioassay and the <i>kdr</i> genotypes and allele frequencies. Spearman correlation analysis showed only moderate (−0.51) or weak (−0.29) correlation between the <i>kdr</i> genotype and permethrin or deltamethrin resistance, respectively. The frequency of the <i>kdr</i> allele was an even weaker correlate than genotype. These results indicate that assessing <i>kdr</i> in populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is not a good surrogate for phenotypic resistance testing.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/197<i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>insecticide resistanceknockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>)CDC bottle bioassayFlorida |
| spellingShingle | Alden S. Estep Neil D. Sanscrainte Jason Stuck Isik Unlu Agne Prasauskas Stephanie J. Mundis Nicholas Cotter Ana L. Romero-Weaver Troy J. Fedirko Natalie L. Kendziorski Kyle J. Kosinski Daviela Ramirez Eva A. Buckner The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> Insects <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> insecticide resistance knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>) CDC bottle bioassay Florida |
| title | The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> |
| title_full | The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> |
| title_fullStr | The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> |
| title_short | The L1014F Knockdown Resistance Mutation Is Not a Strong Correlate of Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Florida Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> |
| title_sort | l1014f knockdown resistance mutation is not a strong correlate of phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids in florida populations of i culex quinquefasciatus i |
| topic | <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> insecticide resistance knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>) CDC bottle bioassay Florida |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/197 |
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