All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models
The complex development of the human nervous system has been traditionally studied using a combination of animal models, human post-mortem brain tissue, and human genetics studies. However, there has been a lack of experimental human cellular models that would allow for a more precise elucidation of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00582/full |
| _version_ | 1818263444513619968 |
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| author | Evelyn Chukwurah Evelyn Chukwurah Allison Osmundsen Allison Osmundsen Shannon W. Davis Shannon W. Davis Sofia B. Lizarraga Sofia B. Lizarraga |
| author_facet | Evelyn Chukwurah Evelyn Chukwurah Allison Osmundsen Allison Osmundsen Shannon W. Davis Shannon W. Davis Sofia B. Lizarraga Sofia B. Lizarraga |
| author_sort | Evelyn Chukwurah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The complex development of the human nervous system has been traditionally studied using a combination of animal models, human post-mortem brain tissue, and human genetics studies. However, there has been a lack of experimental human cellular models that would allow for a more precise elucidation of the intricate dynamics of early human brain development. The development of stem cell technologies, both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), has given neuroscientists access to the previously inaccessible early stages of human brain development. In particular, the recent development of three-dimensional culturing methodologies provides a platform to study the differentiation of stem cells in both normal development and disease states in a more in vivo like context. Three-dimensional neural models or cerebral organoids possess an innate advantage over two-dimensional neural cultures as they can recapitulate tissue organization and cell type diversity that resemble the developing brain. Brain organoids also provide the exciting opportunity to model the integration of different brain regions in vitro. Furthermore, recent advances in the differentiation of non-neuronal tissue from stem cells provides the opportunity to study the interaction between the developing nervous system and other non-neuronal systems that impact neuronal function. In this review, we discuss the potential and limitations of the organoid system to study in vitro neurological diseases that arise in the neuroendocrine and the enteric nervous system or from interactions with the immune system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:19:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ae7faeb19c9490a8e652ec770fc2c09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:19:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ae7faeb19c9490a8e652ec770fc2c092022-12-22T00:14:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-06-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00582446651All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid ModelsEvelyn Chukwurah0Evelyn Chukwurah1Allison Osmundsen2Allison Osmundsen3Shannon W. Davis4Shannon W. Davis5Sofia B. Lizarraga6Sofia B. Lizarraga7Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesCenter for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesCenter for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesCenter for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesCenter for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesThe complex development of the human nervous system has been traditionally studied using a combination of animal models, human post-mortem brain tissue, and human genetics studies. However, there has been a lack of experimental human cellular models that would allow for a more precise elucidation of the intricate dynamics of early human brain development. The development of stem cell technologies, both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), has given neuroscientists access to the previously inaccessible early stages of human brain development. In particular, the recent development of three-dimensional culturing methodologies provides a platform to study the differentiation of stem cells in both normal development and disease states in a more in vivo like context. Three-dimensional neural models or cerebral organoids possess an innate advantage over two-dimensional neural cultures as they can recapitulate tissue organization and cell type diversity that resemble the developing brain. Brain organoids also provide the exciting opportunity to model the integration of different brain regions in vitro. Furthermore, recent advances in the differentiation of non-neuronal tissue from stem cells provides the opportunity to study the interaction between the developing nervous system and other non-neuronal systems that impact neuronal function. In this review, we discuss the potential and limitations of the organoid system to study in vitro neurological diseases that arise in the neuroendocrine and the enteric nervous system or from interactions with the immune system.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00582/fullpluripotentorganoidsAlzheimer’smicroglianeuroimmuneneuroendocrine |
| spellingShingle | Evelyn Chukwurah Evelyn Chukwurah Allison Osmundsen Allison Osmundsen Shannon W. Davis Shannon W. Davis Sofia B. Lizarraga Sofia B. Lizarraga All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models Frontiers in Neuroscience pluripotent organoids Alzheimer’s microglia neuroimmune neuroendocrine |
| title | All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models |
| title_full | All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models |
| title_fullStr | All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models |
| title_short | All Together Now: Modeling the Interaction of Neural With Non-neural Systems Using Organoid Models |
| title_sort | all together now modeling the interaction of neural with non neural systems using organoid models |
| topic | pluripotent organoids Alzheimer’s microglia neuroimmune neuroendocrine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00582/full |
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