Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era
Influenza circulation was substantially reduced after March 2020 in the European region and globally due to the wide introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19. The virus, however, has been actively circulating in natural reservoirs. In summer 2021, NPIs were loosened i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1909 |
| _version_ | 1797481406939529216 |
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| author | Anna Sominina Daria Danilenko Andrey Komissarov Ludmila Karpova Maria Pisareva Artem Fadeev Nadezhda Konovalova Mikhail Eropkin Kirill Stolyarov Anna Shtro Elena Burtseva Dmitry Lioznov |
| author_facet | Anna Sominina Daria Danilenko Andrey Komissarov Ludmila Karpova Maria Pisareva Artem Fadeev Nadezhda Konovalova Mikhail Eropkin Kirill Stolyarov Anna Shtro Elena Burtseva Dmitry Lioznov |
| author_sort | Anna Sominina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza circulation was substantially reduced after March 2020 in the European region and globally due to the wide introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19. The virus, however, has been actively circulating in natural reservoirs. In summer 2021, NPIs were loosened in Russia, and influenza activity resumed shortly thereafter. Here, we summarize the epidemiological and virological data on the influenza epidemic in Russia in 2021–2022 obtained by the two National Influenza Centers. We demonstrate that the commonly used baseline for acute respiratory infection (ARI) is no longer sufficiently sensitive and BL for ILI incidence was more specific for early recognition of the epidemic. We also present the results of PCR detection of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses as well as antigenic and genetic analysis of influenza viruses. Influenza A(H3N2) prevailed this season with influenza B being detected at low levels at the end of the epidemic. The majority of A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically and genetically homogenous and belonged to the clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 of the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 for the season 2022–2023. All influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage and were similar to the influenza B/Austria/1359417/2021 virus. No influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Yamagata lineage was isolated last season. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:14:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b061a5c5e5e45cb92d5a3b00359f29b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:14:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b061a5c5e5e45cb92d5a3b00359f29b2023-11-23T19:26:15ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-08-01149190910.3390/v14091909Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 EraAnna Sominina0Daria Danilenko1Andrey Komissarov2Ludmila Karpova3Maria Pisareva4Artem Fadeev5Nadezhda Konovalova6Mikhail Eropkin7Kirill Stolyarov8Anna Shtro9Elena Burtseva10Dmitry Lioznov11Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaNational Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after N.F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, RussiaSmorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, RussiaInfluenza circulation was substantially reduced after March 2020 in the European region and globally due to the wide introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19. The virus, however, has been actively circulating in natural reservoirs. In summer 2021, NPIs were loosened in Russia, and influenza activity resumed shortly thereafter. Here, we summarize the epidemiological and virological data on the influenza epidemic in Russia in 2021–2022 obtained by the two National Influenza Centers. We demonstrate that the commonly used baseline for acute respiratory infection (ARI) is no longer sufficiently sensitive and BL for ILI incidence was more specific for early recognition of the epidemic. We also present the results of PCR detection of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses as well as antigenic and genetic analysis of influenza viruses. Influenza A(H3N2) prevailed this season with influenza B being detected at low levels at the end of the epidemic. The majority of A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically and genetically homogenous and belonged to the clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 of the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 for the season 2022–2023. All influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage and were similar to the influenza B/Austria/1359417/2021 virus. No influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Yamagata lineage was isolated last season.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1909influenzarespiratory virusesSARS-CoV-2surveillanceincidencehospitalization |
| spellingShingle | Anna Sominina Daria Danilenko Andrey Komissarov Ludmila Karpova Maria Pisareva Artem Fadeev Nadezhda Konovalova Mikhail Eropkin Kirill Stolyarov Anna Shtro Elena Burtseva Dmitry Lioznov Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era Viruses influenza respiratory viruses SARS-CoV-2 surveillance incidence hospitalization |
| title | Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era |
| title_full | Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era |
| title_fullStr | Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era |
| title_short | Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era |
| title_sort | resurgence of influenza circulation in the russian federation during the delta and omicron covid 19 era |
| topic | influenza respiratory viruses SARS-CoV-2 surveillance incidence hospitalization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1909 |
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