The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates
Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are employed in agriculture to increase the sustainability of farming systems, with positive results on crop productivity and response against environmental stressors. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism(s) triggered by their specific activity is not clearly understood....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1524 |
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| author | Valentina Buffagni Angela Valentina Ceccarelli Youry Pii Begoña Miras-Moreno Youssef Rouphael Mariateresa Cardarelli Giuseppe Colla Luigi Lucini |
| author_facet | Valentina Buffagni Angela Valentina Ceccarelli Youry Pii Begoña Miras-Moreno Youssef Rouphael Mariateresa Cardarelli Giuseppe Colla Luigi Lucini |
| author_sort | Valentina Buffagni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are employed in agriculture to increase the sustainability of farming systems, with positive results on crop productivity and response against environmental stressors. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism(s) triggered by their specific activity is not clearly understood. In this work, five PHs obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of different vegetal protein sources were tested for their root-promoting activity on tomato cuttings. All the treatments improved both root length and number when compared to negative controls. Distinctive metabolomic signatures were highlighted in response to treatments, indicating the triggering of different molecular processes in leaf tissues of tomato cuttings. PHs differentially modulated the biosynthesis of plant stress-protectants, such as alkaloids and phenylpropanoids. Moreover, metabolites involved in phytohormone biosynthesis were significantly impacted. In this context, a clear modulation of several compounds related to auxin homeostasis was observed. In addition, the differential modulation of <i>SlIAA2</i> and <i>SlIAA9</i> genes, which are involved in the IAA signalling pathway, might further suggest the auxin-like activity elicited by the PHs tested. Here we provide evidence that PHs can impact plant molecular level, positively affecting root development, most likely by affecting the signalling cascades activated in leaf tissues. The biostimulant activity was sustained by PH-specific response at the molecular level, likely ascribable to their heterogeneous botanical origins. In fact, our findings did not point out a clear universal response to PHs, and specific effects are to be investigated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:05:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b0c5b4a3ec546dcabe0dfdffbe3243c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:05:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b0c5b4a3ec546dcabe0dfdffbe3243c2023-11-22T06:25:06ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-07-01118152410.3390/agronomy11081524The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein HydrolysatesValentina Buffagni0Angela Valentina Ceccarelli1Youry Pii2Begoña Miras-Moreno3Youssef Rouphael4Mariateresa Cardarelli5Giuseppe Colla6Luigi Lucini7Department for Sustainable Food Process—DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyFaculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Piazza Università, 5, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyDepartment for Sustainable Food Process—DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, ItalyConsiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Via Cavalleggeri, 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment for Sustainable Food Process—DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyProtein hydrolysates (PHs) are employed in agriculture to increase the sustainability of farming systems, with positive results on crop productivity and response against environmental stressors. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism(s) triggered by their specific activity is not clearly understood. In this work, five PHs obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of different vegetal protein sources were tested for their root-promoting activity on tomato cuttings. All the treatments improved both root length and number when compared to negative controls. Distinctive metabolomic signatures were highlighted in response to treatments, indicating the triggering of different molecular processes in leaf tissues of tomato cuttings. PHs differentially modulated the biosynthesis of plant stress-protectants, such as alkaloids and phenylpropanoids. Moreover, metabolites involved in phytohormone biosynthesis were significantly impacted. In this context, a clear modulation of several compounds related to auxin homeostasis was observed. In addition, the differential modulation of <i>SlIAA2</i> and <i>SlIAA9</i> genes, which are involved in the IAA signalling pathway, might further suggest the auxin-like activity elicited by the PHs tested. Here we provide evidence that PHs can impact plant molecular level, positively affecting root development, most likely by affecting the signalling cascades activated in leaf tissues. The biostimulant activity was sustained by PH-specific response at the molecular level, likely ascribable to their heterogeneous botanical origins. In fact, our findings did not point out a clear universal response to PHs, and specific effects are to be investigated.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1524biostimulantsprotein hydrolysatesplant signallingauxin bio-assayAux/IAA transcription factorsgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Buffagni Angela Valentina Ceccarelli Youry Pii Begoña Miras-Moreno Youssef Rouphael Mariateresa Cardarelli Giuseppe Colla Luigi Lucini The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates Agronomy biostimulants protein hydrolysates plant signalling auxin bio-assay Aux/IAA transcription factors gene expression |
| title | The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates |
| title_full | The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates |
| title_fullStr | The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates |
| title_short | The Modulation of Auxin-Responsive Genes, Phytohormone Profile, and Metabolomic Signature in Leaves of Tomato Cuttings Is Specifically Modulated by Different Protein Hydrolysates |
| title_sort | modulation of auxin responsive genes phytohormone profile and metabolomic signature in leaves of tomato cuttings is specifically modulated by different protein hydrolysates |
| topic | biostimulants protein hydrolysates plant signalling auxin bio-assay Aux/IAA transcription factors gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1524 |
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