Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image
Achieving a high fill factor is a bottleneck problem for capturing high-quality images. There are hardware and software solutions to overcome this problem. In the solutions, the fill factor is known. However, this is an industrial secrecy by most image sensor manufacturers due to its direct effect o...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2017-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/620 |
| _version_ | 1811300859713159168 |
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| author | Wei Wen Siamak Khatibi |
| author_facet | Wei Wen Siamak Khatibi |
| author_sort | Wei Wen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Achieving a high fill factor is a bottleneck problem for capturing high-quality images. There are hardware and software solutions to overcome this problem. In the solutions, the fill factor is known. However, this is an industrial secrecy by most image sensor manufacturers due to its direct effect on the assessment of the sensor quality. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the fill factor of a camera sensor from an arbitrary single image. The virtual response function of the imaging process and sensor irradiance are estimated from the generation of virtual images. Then the global intensity values of the virtual images are obtained, which are the result of fusing the virtual images into a single, high dynamic range radiance map. A non-linear function is inferred from the original and global intensity values of the virtual images. The fill factor is estimated by the conditional minimum of the inferred function. The method is verified using images of two datasets. The results show that our method estimates the fill factor correctly with significant stability and accuracy from one single arbitrary image according to the low standard deviation of the estimated fill factors from each of images and for each camera. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:58:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b0c85c2bfc04c19a5430305b6d3165d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:58:44Z |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b0c85c2bfc04c19a5430305b6d3165d2022-12-22T02:57:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202017-03-0117362010.3390/s17030620s17030620Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary ImageWei Wen0Siamak Khatibi1Department of Technology and Aesthetics, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 371 79 Karlskrona, SwedenDepartment of Technology and Aesthetics, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 371 79 Karlskrona, SwedenAchieving a high fill factor is a bottleneck problem for capturing high-quality images. There are hardware and software solutions to overcome this problem. In the solutions, the fill factor is known. However, this is an industrial secrecy by most image sensor manufacturers due to its direct effect on the assessment of the sensor quality. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the fill factor of a camera sensor from an arbitrary single image. The virtual response function of the imaging process and sensor irradiance are estimated from the generation of virtual images. Then the global intensity values of the virtual images are obtained, which are the result of fusing the virtual images into a single, high dynamic range radiance map. A non-linear function is inferred from the original and global intensity values of the virtual images. The fill factor is estimated by the conditional minimum of the inferred function. The method is verified using images of two datasets. The results show that our method estimates the fill factor correctly with significant stability and accuracy from one single arbitrary image according to the low standard deviation of the estimated fill factors from each of images and for each camera.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/620fill factorvirtual imageimage sensorpipelinevirtual response functionsensor irradiance |
| spellingShingle | Wei Wen Siamak Khatibi Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image Sensors fill factor virtual image image sensor pipeline virtual response function sensor irradiance |
| title | Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image |
| title_full | Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image |
| title_short | Estimation of Image Sensor Fill Factor Using a Single Arbitrary Image |
| title_sort | estimation of image sensor fill factor using a single arbitrary image |
| topic | fill factor virtual image image sensor pipeline virtual response function sensor irradiance |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/620 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weiwen estimationofimagesensorfillfactorusingasinglearbitraryimage AT siamakkhatibi estimationofimagesensorfillfactorusingasinglearbitraryimage |