As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season
The aim of this study was to determine the status of weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. as a transitional host for <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> and its effect on the population base of the nematodes in the next season. The nematode species infecting <i>S. nigrum</i>...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/129 |
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| author | Yueling Pei Yanfang Sun Yuan Chen Tuizi Feng Haiyan Che Haibo Long |
| author_facet | Yueling Pei Yanfang Sun Yuan Chen Tuizi Feng Haiyan Che Haibo Long |
| author_sort | Yueling Pei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to determine the status of weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. as a transitional host for <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> and its effect on the population base of the nematodes in the next season. The nematode species infecting <i>S. nigrum</i> L. in a fallow field was identified by morphological identification and molecular diagnosis, and parasitic characteristics of the nematodes in <i>S. nigrum</i> L., including development of the nematode in <i>S. nigrum</i> L., the histopathological response of <i>S. nigrum</i> L. to <i>M. enterolobii</i>, and the host suitability of <i>S. nigrum</i> L., were studied. The <i>M. enterolobii</i> soil population density was evaluated before and after <i>S. nigrum</i> L. planting. Species identification revealed that it was <i>M. enterolobii</i> infection. Developmental observation indicated that juveniles of <i>M. enterolobii</i> developed fast in <i>S. nigrum</i> L., establishing feeding sites by 5 days after inoculation (DAI) and forming obvious egg masses on the root at 25 DAI. Histopathological observation showed the typical susceptible response of <i>S. nigrum</i> L., including giant cells with thick cell walls, uniformly dense cytoplasm, and less vacuolation, mainly inside the vascular cylinder. Host suitability assays suggested that <i>S. nigrum</i> L. is a good host for <i>M. enterolobii</i> with an average reproduction factor (RF) of 48.04 ± 14.71. Population densities assays revealed that <i>S. nigrum</i> L. increased the population density of <i>M. enterolobii</i> for two consecutive years from 0.48 ± 0.25 and 0.53 ± 0.31 J2/cm<sup>3</sup> to 1.33 ± 0.16 and 1.56 ± 0.43 J2/cm<sup>3</sup> of soil. These results indicated that <i>M. enterolobii</i> could reproduce well by infecting <i>S. nigrum</i> L. during the fallow season, and it increased the population base of <i>M. enterolobii</i> to the next season during vegetable production, which suggested a novel direction for the control of root-knot nematodes by controlling weeds as transitional hosts of <i>M. enterolobii</i> in the fallow season. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:08:15Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:08:15Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3b10918be5044423a41b33fe7e60575c2024-01-26T14:25:29ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-01-0114112910.3390/agronomy14010129As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next SeasonYueling Pei0Yanfang Sun1Yuan Chen2Tuizi Feng3Haiyan Che4Haibo Long5Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, ChinaThe aim of this study was to determine the status of weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. as a transitional host for <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> and its effect on the population base of the nematodes in the next season. The nematode species infecting <i>S. nigrum</i> L. in a fallow field was identified by morphological identification and molecular diagnosis, and parasitic characteristics of the nematodes in <i>S. nigrum</i> L., including development of the nematode in <i>S. nigrum</i> L., the histopathological response of <i>S. nigrum</i> L. to <i>M. enterolobii</i>, and the host suitability of <i>S. nigrum</i> L., were studied. The <i>M. enterolobii</i> soil population density was evaluated before and after <i>S. nigrum</i> L. planting. Species identification revealed that it was <i>M. enterolobii</i> infection. Developmental observation indicated that juveniles of <i>M. enterolobii</i> developed fast in <i>S. nigrum</i> L., establishing feeding sites by 5 days after inoculation (DAI) and forming obvious egg masses on the root at 25 DAI. Histopathological observation showed the typical susceptible response of <i>S. nigrum</i> L., including giant cells with thick cell walls, uniformly dense cytoplasm, and less vacuolation, mainly inside the vascular cylinder. Host suitability assays suggested that <i>S. nigrum</i> L. is a good host for <i>M. enterolobii</i> with an average reproduction factor (RF) of 48.04 ± 14.71. Population densities assays revealed that <i>S. nigrum</i> L. increased the population density of <i>M. enterolobii</i> for two consecutive years from 0.48 ± 0.25 and 0.53 ± 0.31 J2/cm<sup>3</sup> to 1.33 ± 0.16 and 1.56 ± 0.43 J2/cm<sup>3</sup> of soil. These results indicated that <i>M. enterolobii</i> could reproduce well by infecting <i>S. nigrum</i> L. during the fallow season, and it increased the population base of <i>M. enterolobii</i> to the next season during vegetable production, which suggested a novel direction for the control of root-knot nematodes by controlling weeds as transitional hosts of <i>M. enterolobii</i> in the fallow season.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/129<i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i>transitional host<i>Solanum nigrum</i> L.parasitic characteristicspopulation base |
| spellingShingle | Yueling Pei Yanfang Sun Yuan Chen Tuizi Feng Haiyan Che Haibo Long As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season Agronomy <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> transitional host <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. parasitic characteristics population base |
| title | As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season |
| title_full | As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season |
| title_fullStr | As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season |
| title_full_unstemmed | As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season |
| title_short | As a Transitional Host, Weed <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. Increases the Population Base of Root-Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> for the Next Season |
| title_sort | as a transitional host weed i solanum nigrum i l increases the population base of root knot nematode i meloidogyne enterolobii i for the next season |
| topic | <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i> transitional host <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. parasitic characteristics population base |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/129 |
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