Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation.
Fibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for mammalian bone morphogenesis and growth, involving membranous ossification and endochondral ossification. FGF9 has been shown to be an important regulator of endochondral ossification; however, its role in the early differentiation of chondrocytes...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241281 |
| _version_ | 1819001891451830272 |
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| author | Xiaoyue Zhang Mengjia Weng Zhenqi Chen |
| author_facet | Xiaoyue Zhang Mengjia Weng Zhenqi Chen |
| author_sort | Xiaoyue Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for mammalian bone morphogenesis and growth, involving membranous ossification and endochondral ossification. FGF9 has been shown to be an important regulator of endochondral ossification; however, its role in the early differentiation of chondrocytes remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of FGF9 in the early differentiation of chondrogenesis. We found an increase in FGF9 expression during proliferating chondrocyte hypertrophy in the mouse growth plate. Silencing of FGF9 promotes the growth of ATDC5 cells and promotes insulin-induced differentiation of ATDC5 chondrocytes, which is due to increased cartilage matrix formation and type II collagen (col2a1) and X (col10a1), Acan, Ihh, Mmp13 gene expression. Then, we evaluated the effects of AKT, GSK-3β, and mTOR. Inhibition of FGF9 significantly inhibits phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, but does not affected the activation of mTOR. Furthermore, phosphorylation of inhibited AKT and GSK-3β was compensated using the AKT activator SC79, and differentiation of ATDC5 cells was inhibited. In conclusion, our results indicate that FGF9 acts as an important regulator of early chondrogenesis partly through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:56:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b11303a36bb420c89c94c88abaf66b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:56:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b11303a36bb420c89c94c88abaf66b92022-12-21T19:24:06ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01162e024128110.1371/journal.pone.0241281Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation.Xiaoyue ZhangMengjia WengZhenqi ChenFibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for mammalian bone morphogenesis and growth, involving membranous ossification and endochondral ossification. FGF9 has been shown to be an important regulator of endochondral ossification; however, its role in the early differentiation of chondrocytes remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of FGF9 in the early differentiation of chondrogenesis. We found an increase in FGF9 expression during proliferating chondrocyte hypertrophy in the mouse growth plate. Silencing of FGF9 promotes the growth of ATDC5 cells and promotes insulin-induced differentiation of ATDC5 chondrocytes, which is due to increased cartilage matrix formation and type II collagen (col2a1) and X (col10a1), Acan, Ihh, Mmp13 gene expression. Then, we evaluated the effects of AKT, GSK-3β, and mTOR. Inhibition of FGF9 significantly inhibits phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, but does not affected the activation of mTOR. Furthermore, phosphorylation of inhibited AKT and GSK-3β was compensated using the AKT activator SC79, and differentiation of ATDC5 cells was inhibited. In conclusion, our results indicate that FGF9 acts as an important regulator of early chondrogenesis partly through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241281 |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyue Zhang Mengjia Weng Zhenqi Chen Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS ONE |
| title | Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. |
| title_full | Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. |
| title_fullStr | Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. |
| title_short | Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. |
| title_sort | fibroblast growth factor 9 fgf9 negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241281 |
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