Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives
Aims/Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate cytogenetic damage to the buccal mucosa in non-smokers and consumers of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives. Methods: A total of 160 participants were divided into four group...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Xenobiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/1/9 |
| _version_ | 1797240399098544128 |
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| author | Antonija Tadin Vinka Stazic Nada Galic Davor Zeljezic |
| author_facet | Antonija Tadin Vinka Stazic Nada Galic Davor Zeljezic |
| author_sort | Antonija Tadin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims/Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate cytogenetic damage to the buccal mucosa in non-smokers and consumers of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives. Methods: A total of 160 participants were divided into four groups according to the type of product used, including non-smokers, users of conventional combustible tobacco (cigarettes), heated tobacco, and electronic, tobacco-free vapor products (e-cigarettes). Buccal mucosa samples were analyzed using the micronucleus cytome assay to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. Results: E-cigarette users showed significantly higher values for all tested parameters in the micronucleus test compared to non-smokers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similarly, users of tobacco heating products showed an increase in all parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the exception of the number of cells with micronuclei. Conventional cigarette smokers showed a notable increase in the number of binucleated cells and cells with karyorrhexis and karyolysis (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). When assessing the differences between users of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives, these did not appear to be significant, except for e-cigarette users, who had significantly more cells with condensed chromatin (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), while users of tobacco heating products had more pyknotic cells (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the heightened occurrence of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in users of both conventional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives compared to non-smokers, emphasizing the detrimental impact of these products on the oral mucosa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:06:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b26331d124f4ce993f1c735118e13c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2039-4705 2039-4713 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:06:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Xenobiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b26331d124f4ce993f1c735118e13c82024-03-27T13:49:55ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132024-01-0114115416510.3390/jox14010009Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible AlternativesAntonija Tadin0Vinka Stazic1Nada Galic2Davor Zeljezic3Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, CroatiaHealth Center of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDivision of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaAims/Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate cytogenetic damage to the buccal mucosa in non-smokers and consumers of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives. Methods: A total of 160 participants were divided into four groups according to the type of product used, including non-smokers, users of conventional combustible tobacco (cigarettes), heated tobacco, and electronic, tobacco-free vapor products (e-cigarettes). Buccal mucosa samples were analyzed using the micronucleus cytome assay to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. Results: E-cigarette users showed significantly higher values for all tested parameters in the micronucleus test compared to non-smokers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similarly, users of tobacco heating products showed an increase in all parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the exception of the number of cells with micronuclei. Conventional cigarette smokers showed a notable increase in the number of binucleated cells and cells with karyorrhexis and karyolysis (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). When assessing the differences between users of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives, these did not appear to be significant, except for e-cigarette users, who had significantly more cells with condensed chromatin (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), while users of tobacco heating products had more pyknotic cells (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the heightened occurrence of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in users of both conventional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives compared to non-smokers, emphasizing the detrimental impact of these products on the oral mucosa.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/1/9buccal mucosacytotoxicitycytogenetice-cigarettegenotoxicityheated tobacco products |
| spellingShingle | Antonija Tadin Vinka Stazic Nada Galic Davor Zeljezic Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives Journal of Xenobiotics buccal mucosa cytotoxicity cytogenetic e-cigarette genotoxicity heated tobacco products |
| title | Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives |
| title_full | Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives |
| title_short | Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives |
| title_sort | evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in buccal mucosal cells in non smokers and users of traditional combustible tobacco products and non combustible alternatives |
| topic | buccal mucosa cytotoxicity cytogenetic e-cigarette genotoxicity heated tobacco products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/14/1/9 |
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