| Summary: | Urban air quality is increasingly being studied as a fraction of the world’s population is living in megacities. In this study, particulate matter (PM) along Taft Avenue, Manila, the Philippines, is investigated in terms of its ability to induce genetic damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Size-segregated roadside air samples were obtained from 2015–2017 near a university gate and analyzed using in vitro micronucleus (MN) and cytokinesis-block proliferation tests. While cellular proliferation was unaffected by 0–0.1 kg/m<sup>3</sup> of PM<sub>1.0</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PBL cells treated with PM<sub>2.5</sub> displayed a significantly higher micronucleus count (<i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to the cells treated with PM<sub>1.0</sub>. Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed greater amounts of Cd, Ca, Pb, K, Na, and Zn in PM<sub>2.5</sub> compared to PM<sub>1.0</sub>. The results indicate that the differences in composition of the two size fractions of air particulates are associated with their genotoxicities.
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