Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants
Actinomycetes of the genus <i>Rhodococcus</i> (class Actinomycetia) are dominant dwellers of biotopes with anthropogenic load. They serve as a natural system of primary response to xenobiotics in open ecosystems, initiate defensive responses in the presence of pollutants, and are regarde...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1101 |
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| author | Irina Ivshina Grigory Bazhutin Semyon Tyan Maxim Polygalov Maria Subbotina Elena Tyumina |
| author_facet | Irina Ivshina Grigory Bazhutin Semyon Tyan Maxim Polygalov Maria Subbotina Elena Tyumina |
| author_sort | Irina Ivshina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Actinomycetes of the genus <i>Rhodococcus</i> (class Actinomycetia) are dominant dwellers of biotopes with anthropogenic load. They serve as a natural system of primary response to xenobiotics in open ecosystems, initiate defensive responses in the presence of pollutants, and are regarded as ideal agents capable of transforming and degrading pharmaceuticals. Here, the ability of selected <i>Rhodococcus</i> strains to co-metabolize nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen) and information on the protective mechanisms of rhodococci against toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, individually or in a mixture, have been demonstrated. For the first time, <i>R</i>. <i>ruber</i> IEGM 439 provided complete decomposition of 100 mg/L meloxicam after seven days. It was shown that versatile cellular modifications occurring at the early development stages of nonspecific reactions of <i>Rhodococcus</i> spp. in response to separate and combined effects of the tested pharmaceuticals included changes in electrokinetic characteristics and catalase activity; transition from unicellular to multicellular life forms accompanied by pronounced morphological abnormalities; changes in the average size of vegetative cells and surface area-to-volume ratio; and the formation of linked cell assemblages. The obtained data are considered as adaptation mechanisms in rhodococci, and consequently their increased resistance to separate and combined effects of ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b2fff0edd66443f862da4f20a741202 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b2fff0edd66443f862da4f20a7412022023-11-23T18:03:00ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-05-01106110110.3390/microorganisms10061101Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical PollutantsIrina Ivshina0Grigory Bazhutin1Semyon Tyan2Maxim Polygalov3Maria Subbotina4Elena Tyumina5Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, 614990 Perm, RussiaPerm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, 614990 Perm, RussiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Street, 614990 Perm, RussiaPerm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, 614990 Perm, RussiaPerm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, 614990 Perm, RussiaPerm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, 614990 Perm, RussiaActinomycetes of the genus <i>Rhodococcus</i> (class Actinomycetia) are dominant dwellers of biotopes with anthropogenic load. They serve as a natural system of primary response to xenobiotics in open ecosystems, initiate defensive responses in the presence of pollutants, and are regarded as ideal agents capable of transforming and degrading pharmaceuticals. Here, the ability of selected <i>Rhodococcus</i> strains to co-metabolize nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen) and information on the protective mechanisms of rhodococci against toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, individually or in a mixture, have been demonstrated. For the first time, <i>R</i>. <i>ruber</i> IEGM 439 provided complete decomposition of 100 mg/L meloxicam after seven days. It was shown that versatile cellular modifications occurring at the early development stages of nonspecific reactions of <i>Rhodococcus</i> spp. in response to separate and combined effects of the tested pharmaceuticals included changes in electrokinetic characteristics and catalase activity; transition from unicellular to multicellular life forms accompanied by pronounced morphological abnormalities; changes in the average size of vegetative cells and surface area-to-volume ratio; and the formation of linked cell assemblages. The obtained data are considered as adaptation mechanisms in rhodococci, and consequently their increased resistance to separate and combined effects of ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1101nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)ibuprofenmeloxicamnaproxenpharma pollutants<i>Rhodococcus</i> spp. |
| spellingShingle | Irina Ivshina Grigory Bazhutin Semyon Tyan Maxim Polygalov Maria Subbotina Elena Tyumina Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants Microorganisms nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen meloxicam naproxen pharma pollutants <i>Rhodococcus</i> spp. |
| title | Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants |
| title_full | Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants |
| title_fullStr | Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants |
| title_short | Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants |
| title_sort | cellular modifications of rhodococci exposed to separate and combined effects of pharmaceutical pollutants |
| topic | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen meloxicam naproxen pharma pollutants <i>Rhodococcus</i> spp. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1101 |
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