A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information
Achieving seamless integration between virtual objects and real scenes has always been an important issue in augmented reality (AR) research. To achieve this, it is necessary to provide virtual objects with real-time and accurate lighting conditions from a real scene. Therefore, the purpose of this...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/8/324 |
| _version_ | 1797584475795750912 |
|---|---|
| author | Kunpeng Zhu Shuo Liu Weichao Sun Yixin Yuan Yuang Wu |
| author_facet | Kunpeng Zhu Shuo Liu Weichao Sun Yixin Yuan Yuang Wu |
| author_sort | Kunpeng Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Achieving seamless integration between virtual objects and real scenes has always been an important issue in augmented reality (AR) research. To achieve this, it is necessary to provide virtual objects with real-time and accurate lighting conditions from a real scene. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to realize lighting consistency rendering for real-time AR systems in outdoor environments, aiming to enhance the user’s sense of immersion. In this paper, we propose a lighting consistency technique for real-time AR systems in outdoor environments based on multi-source geographical information (MGI). Specifically, we introduce MGI into the study of lighting consistency and construct a comprehensive database to store and manage the acquired MGI data. Based on this, we proposed a sky radiance model driven using the MGI. Finally, we utilized the sky radiance model along with light sensor data to render the virtual objects in outdoor scenes. The experimental results show that the shadow angular error is reduced to 5.2°, and the system frame rate is increased to 94.26. This means that our method achieves a high level of realism in the fusion of virtual objects and real scenes while ensuring a high frame rate in the system. With this technology, users can conveniently and extensively realize the lighting consistency rendering of real-time AR systems in outdoor scenes using mobile devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:53:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b432b96dcbe44fcb568c9067fe45a6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:53:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b432b96dcbe44fcb568c9067fe45a6b2023-11-19T01:23:53ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642023-08-0112832410.3390/ijgi12080324A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-InformationKunpeng Zhu0Shuo Liu1Weichao Sun2Yixin Yuan3Yuang Wu4National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics (NCG), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Geomatics (NCG), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Geomatics (NCG), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Geomatics (NCG), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Geomatics (NCG), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaAchieving seamless integration between virtual objects and real scenes has always been an important issue in augmented reality (AR) research. To achieve this, it is necessary to provide virtual objects with real-time and accurate lighting conditions from a real scene. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to realize lighting consistency rendering for real-time AR systems in outdoor environments, aiming to enhance the user’s sense of immersion. In this paper, we propose a lighting consistency technique for real-time AR systems in outdoor environments based on multi-source geographical information (MGI). Specifically, we introduce MGI into the study of lighting consistency and construct a comprehensive database to store and manage the acquired MGI data. Based on this, we proposed a sky radiance model driven using the MGI. Finally, we utilized the sky radiance model along with light sensor data to render the virtual objects in outdoor scenes. The experimental results show that the shadow angular error is reduced to 5.2°, and the system frame rate is increased to 94.26. This means that our method achieves a high level of realism in the fusion of virtual objects and real scenes while ensuring a high frame rate in the system. With this technology, users can conveniently and extensively realize the lighting consistency rendering of real-time AR systems in outdoor scenes using mobile devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/8/324GISmulti-source geo-informationaugmented realitylight consistencyreal-time |
| spellingShingle | Kunpeng Zhu Shuo Liu Weichao Sun Yixin Yuan Yuang Wu A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information GIS multi-source geo-information augmented reality light consistency real-time |
| title | A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information |
| title_full | A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information |
| title_fullStr | A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information |
| title_short | A Lighting Consistency Technique for Outdoor Augmented Reality Systems Based on Multi-Source Geo-Information |
| title_sort | lighting consistency technique for outdoor augmented reality systems based on multi source geo information |
| topic | GIS multi-source geo-information augmented reality light consistency real-time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/8/324 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kunpengzhu alightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT shuoliu alightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT weichaosun alightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT yixinyuan alightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT yuangwu alightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT kunpengzhu lightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT shuoliu lightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT weichaosun lightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT yixinyuan lightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation AT yuangwu lightingconsistencytechniqueforoutdooraugmentedrealitysystemsbasedonmultisourcegeoinformation |