Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept
Abstract Background Informal care can reduce hospitalization frequency and time, elevate bed turnover, and increase the health systems' capacity. This type of care has shown meaningful value in managing many cases through the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to identify determinants o...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00437-9 |
| _version_ | 1827970425626296320 |
|---|---|
| author | Vajiheh Ramezani-Doroh Faride Karimi Maryam Rangchian Yadolah Hamidi |
| author_facet | Vajiheh Ramezani-Doroh Faride Karimi Maryam Rangchian Yadolah Hamidi |
| author_sort | Vajiheh Ramezani-Doroh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Informal care can reduce hospitalization frequency and time, elevate bed turnover, and increase the health systems' capacity. This type of care has shown meaningful value in managing many cases through the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to identify determinants of monetary valuation of informal care and the burden of this care on the COVID-19 patients’ caregivers. Methods Through a cross-sectional phone survey from June to September 2021 in Sanandaj city, the west of Iran, COVID-19 patients and their caregivers (Each Group No. 425) were separately interviewed. A simple probabilistic sampling method was applied. Two questionnaires were developed and used after validation. Monetary valuation of informal caregivers was done using Willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). Double hurdle regressions were used to determine related variables to WTP/WTA. R software was used for the data analysis. Results The total mean (Standard Deviation) of WTP and WTA were $12.02(28.73), $10.30(15.43) USD. Most respondents put a zero value on informal care by WTA (243(57.18%) and WTP [263 (61.88%)]. Caregivers’ Employment, and being spouse/child of the care recipient increased the probability of reporting a positive value for WTP (p-value < 0.0001, p-value = 0.011 respectively) and WTA (p-value = 0.004, p-value < 0.0001 respectively). An increase in the number of caring days decreased the probability of reporting positive WTA (p-value = 0.001) and increased the mean of lnWTP (p-value = 0.044). Perceived difficulty in doing indoor activities and perceived difficulty in doing outdoor activities decreased lnWTA mean (p-value = 0.002) and lnWTP mean (p-value = 0.043) respectively. Conclusions Increasing caregivers’ self-efficacy and facilitating their involvement in the caring process could be facilitated through flexible work status, educational programs, and interventions on decreasing their burnout. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:53:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b4ea0dbd0b94cdcb3d089a29a5a7859 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1478-7547 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:53:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b4ea0dbd0b94cdcb3d089a29a5a78592023-04-09T11:17:33ZengBMCCost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation1478-75472023-04-0121111010.1186/s12962-023-00437-9Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to acceptVajiheh Ramezani-Doroh0Faride Karimi1Maryam Rangchian2Yadolah Hamidi3Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Informal care can reduce hospitalization frequency and time, elevate bed turnover, and increase the health systems' capacity. This type of care has shown meaningful value in managing many cases through the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to identify determinants of monetary valuation of informal care and the burden of this care on the COVID-19 patients’ caregivers. Methods Through a cross-sectional phone survey from June to September 2021 in Sanandaj city, the west of Iran, COVID-19 patients and their caregivers (Each Group No. 425) were separately interviewed. A simple probabilistic sampling method was applied. Two questionnaires were developed and used after validation. Monetary valuation of informal caregivers was done using Willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). Double hurdle regressions were used to determine related variables to WTP/WTA. R software was used for the data analysis. Results The total mean (Standard Deviation) of WTP and WTA were $12.02(28.73), $10.30(15.43) USD. Most respondents put a zero value on informal care by WTA (243(57.18%) and WTP [263 (61.88%)]. Caregivers’ Employment, and being spouse/child of the care recipient increased the probability of reporting a positive value for WTP (p-value < 0.0001, p-value = 0.011 respectively) and WTA (p-value = 0.004, p-value < 0.0001 respectively). An increase in the number of caring days decreased the probability of reporting positive WTA (p-value = 0.001) and increased the mean of lnWTP (p-value = 0.044). Perceived difficulty in doing indoor activities and perceived difficulty in doing outdoor activities decreased lnWTA mean (p-value = 0.002) and lnWTP mean (p-value = 0.043) respectively. Conclusions Increasing caregivers’ self-efficacy and facilitating their involvement in the caring process could be facilitated through flexible work status, educational programs, and interventions on decreasing their burnout.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00437-9Informal careCaregiverWillingness to payWillingness to acceptContingent valuationCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Vajiheh Ramezani-Doroh Faride Karimi Maryam Rangchian Yadolah Hamidi Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation Informal care Caregiver Willingness to pay Willingness to accept Contingent valuation COVID-19 |
| title | Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept |
| title_full | Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept |
| title_fullStr | Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept |
| title_short | Monetary valuation of COVID-19 informal care: caregivers’ willingness to pay and willingness to accept |
| title_sort | monetary valuation of covid 19 informal care caregivers willingness to pay and willingness to accept |
| topic | Informal care Caregiver Willingness to pay Willingness to accept Contingent valuation COVID-19 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00437-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vajihehramezanidoroh monetaryvaluationofcovid19informalcarecaregiverswillingnesstopayandwillingnesstoaccept AT faridekarimi monetaryvaluationofcovid19informalcarecaregiverswillingnesstopayandwillingnesstoaccept AT maryamrangchian monetaryvaluationofcovid19informalcarecaregiverswillingnesstopayandwillingnesstoaccept AT yadolahhamidi monetaryvaluationofcovid19informalcarecaregiverswillingnesstopayandwillingnesstoaccept |