The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan
<i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as parthenium weed, is a highly invasive weed spreading rapidly from northern to southern parts of Pakistan. The persistence of parthenium weed in the hot and dry southern districts suggests that the weed can survive under m...
| Principais autores: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| coleção: | Plants |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1381 |
| _version_ | 1827747921374740480 |
|---|---|
| author | Asad Shabbir Myron P. Zalucki Kunjithapatham Dhileepan Naeem Khan Steve W. Adkins |
| author_facet | Asad Shabbir Myron P. Zalucki Kunjithapatham Dhileepan Naeem Khan Steve W. Adkins |
| author_sort | Asad Shabbir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as parthenium weed, is a highly invasive weed spreading rapidly from northern to southern parts of Pakistan. The persistence of parthenium weed in the hot and dry southern districts suggests that the weed can survive under more extreme conditions than previously thought. The development of a CLIMEX distribution model, which considered this increased tolerance to drier and warmer conditions, predicted that the weed could still spread to many other parts of Pakistan as well as to other regions of south Asia. This CLIMEX model satisfied the present distribution of parthenium weed within Pakistan. When an irrigation scenario was added to the CLIMEX program, more parts of the southern districts of Pakistan (Indus River basin) became suitable for parthenium weed growth, as well as the growth of its biological control agent, <i>Zygogramma bicolorata</i> Pallister. This expansion from the initially predicted range was due to irrigation producing extra moisture to support its establishment. In addition to the weed moving south in Pakistan due to irrigation, it will also move north due to temperature increases. The CLIMEX model indicated that there are many more areas within South Asia that are suitable for parthenium weed growth, both under the present and a future climate scenario. Most of the south-western and north-eastern parts of Afghanistan are suitable under the current climate, but more areas are likely to become suitable under climate change scenarios. Under climate change, the suitability of southern parts of Pakistan is likely to decrease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b4fa320b5ad44ed819f5d330fa36eb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b4fa320b5ad44ed819f5d330fa36eb62023-11-17T13:23:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126138110.3390/plants12061381The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in PakistanAsad Shabbir0Myron P. Zalucki1Kunjithapatham Dhileepan2Naeem Khan3Steve W. Adkins4Weeds Research Unit, Invasive Species Biosecurity, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2800, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaBiosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, AustraliaDepartment of Weed Science and Botany, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, PakistanSchool of Agriculture & Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia<i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as parthenium weed, is a highly invasive weed spreading rapidly from northern to southern parts of Pakistan. The persistence of parthenium weed in the hot and dry southern districts suggests that the weed can survive under more extreme conditions than previously thought. The development of a CLIMEX distribution model, which considered this increased tolerance to drier and warmer conditions, predicted that the weed could still spread to many other parts of Pakistan as well as to other regions of south Asia. This CLIMEX model satisfied the present distribution of parthenium weed within Pakistan. When an irrigation scenario was added to the CLIMEX program, more parts of the southern districts of Pakistan (Indus River basin) became suitable for parthenium weed growth, as well as the growth of its biological control agent, <i>Zygogramma bicolorata</i> Pallister. This expansion from the initially predicted range was due to irrigation producing extra moisture to support its establishment. In addition to the weed moving south in Pakistan due to irrigation, it will also move north due to temperature increases. The CLIMEX model indicated that there are many more areas within South Asia that are suitable for parthenium weed growth, both under the present and a future climate scenario. Most of the south-western and north-eastern parts of Afghanistan are suitable under the current climate, but more areas are likely to become suitable under climate change scenarios. Under climate change, the suitability of southern parts of Pakistan is likely to decrease.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1381climatic suitabilityCLIMEX<i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i>leaf-feeding beetlebiological control |
| spellingShingle | Asad Shabbir Myron P. Zalucki Kunjithapatham Dhileepan Naeem Khan Steve W. Adkins The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan Plants climatic suitability CLIMEX <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> leaf-feeding beetle biological control |
| title | The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan |
| title_full | The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan |
| title_short | The Current and Potential Distribution of Parthenium Weed and Its Biological Control Agent in Pakistan |
| title_sort | current and potential distribution of parthenium weed and its biological control agent in pakistan |
| topic | climatic suitability CLIMEX <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> leaf-feeding beetle biological control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1381 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT asadshabbir thecurrentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT myronpzalucki thecurrentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT kunjithapathamdhileepan thecurrentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT naeemkhan thecurrentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT stevewadkins thecurrentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT asadshabbir currentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT myronpzalucki currentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT kunjithapathamdhileepan currentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT naeemkhan currentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan AT stevewadkins currentandpotentialdistributionofpartheniumweedanditsbiologicalcontrolagentinpakistan |