Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan
Hematological and plasma biochemical examination are crucial in the veterinary care of sugar gliders, which are increasingly popular in Taiwan and the United States. However, published research of the species’ reference interval and related influencing factors were rare. The objectives of this study...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3583 |
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| author | Vivian C. Y. Lin Ning-Ya Yang Wen-Chi Lin Jo-Wen Chen Ching-Yi Yen Yi-Lun Tsai |
| author_facet | Vivian C. Y. Lin Ning-Ya Yang Wen-Chi Lin Jo-Wen Chen Ching-Yi Yen Yi-Lun Tsai |
| author_sort | Vivian C. Y. Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hematological and plasma biochemical examination are crucial in the veterinary care of sugar gliders, which are increasingly popular in Taiwan and the United States. However, published research of the species’ reference interval and related influencing factors were rare. The objectives of this study were to establish the hematological and plasma biochemical reference values for captive sugar gliders in Taiwan and to evaluate the influence of factors including age, gender, neuter status, location, season, diet, caging arrangement, and other pets in the household. A total of 42 clinically healthy pet sugar gliders were recruited. Morphometrical measurements and physiological data were collected, and hematological and plasma biochemical examinations were performed. The reference value of each index was calculated using Reference Value Advisor (RVA) software, following the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines. Normality of data distribution was tested, and data transformation was conducted. The parametric method and robust method were used to determine reference limits. Univariate analysis was performed, and multiple regression models were built for each hematological and plasma biochemical parameter. Red blood cell, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were higher in males, compared to females, while they were lower in the neutered group, compared to the intact group. Relative neutrophil counts were higher in elder sugar gliders, while relative lymphocyte counts were lower. Aspartate transaminase levels were higher in elder sugar gliders, while albumin levels were lower. Blood urea nitrogen levels were highest in spring. The blood profile and related effects presented in this study can provide useful information for veterinary care in pet sugar gliders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b5e7ee9179340a48e5ea518dd44eed5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b5e7ee9179340a48e5ea518dd44eed52023-11-24T12:52:17ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-12-011224358310.3390/ani12243583Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in TaiwanVivian C. Y. Lin0Ning-Ya Yang1Wen-Chi Lin2Jo-Wen Chen3Ching-Yi Yen4Yi-Lun Tsai5Jong-Shing Mercy Animal Medical Center, Kaohsiung 81361, TaiwanJong-Shing Mercy Animal Medical Center, Kaohsiung 81361, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanJong-Shing Mercy Animal Medical Center, Kaohsiung 81361, TaiwanJong-Shing Mercy Animal Medical Center, Kaohsiung 81361, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanHematological and plasma biochemical examination are crucial in the veterinary care of sugar gliders, which are increasingly popular in Taiwan and the United States. However, published research of the species’ reference interval and related influencing factors were rare. The objectives of this study were to establish the hematological and plasma biochemical reference values for captive sugar gliders in Taiwan and to evaluate the influence of factors including age, gender, neuter status, location, season, diet, caging arrangement, and other pets in the household. A total of 42 clinically healthy pet sugar gliders were recruited. Morphometrical measurements and physiological data were collected, and hematological and plasma biochemical examinations were performed. The reference value of each index was calculated using Reference Value Advisor (RVA) software, following the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines. Normality of data distribution was tested, and data transformation was conducted. The parametric method and robust method were used to determine reference limits. Univariate analysis was performed, and multiple regression models were built for each hematological and plasma biochemical parameter. Red blood cell, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were higher in males, compared to females, while they were lower in the neutered group, compared to the intact group. Relative neutrophil counts were higher in elder sugar gliders, while relative lymphocyte counts were lower. Aspartate transaminase levels were higher in elder sugar gliders, while albumin levels were lower. Blood urea nitrogen levels were highest in spring. The blood profile and related effects presented in this study can provide useful information for veterinary care in pet sugar gliders.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3583sugar glider<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>hematologyplasma biochemistryblood testreference interval |
| spellingShingle | Vivian C. Y. Lin Ning-Ya Yang Wen-Chi Lin Jo-Wen Chen Ching-Yi Yen Yi-Lun Tsai Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan Animals sugar glider <i>Petaurus breviceps</i> hematology plasma biochemistry blood test reference interval |
| title | Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan |
| title_full | Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan |
| title_short | Establishment of Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Reference Values and Analysis of Risk Factors for Pet Sugar Gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) in Taiwan |
| title_sort | establishment of hematological and plasma biochemical reference values and analysis of risk factors for pet sugar gliders i petaurus breviceps i in taiwan |
| topic | sugar glider <i>Petaurus breviceps</i> hematology plasma biochemistry blood test reference interval |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3583 |
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