Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia
Given that the analysis of past monthly rainfall variability is highly relevant for the adequate management of water resources, the relationship between the climate-oceanographic indices, and the variability of monthly rainfall in Southwestern Colombia at different time scales was chosen as the rese...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/7/1863 |
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| author | Teresita Canchala Wilfredo Alfonso-Morales Wilmar Loaiza Cerón Yesid Carvajal-Escobar Eduardo Caicedo-Bravo |
| author_facet | Teresita Canchala Wilfredo Alfonso-Morales Wilmar Loaiza Cerón Yesid Carvajal-Escobar Eduardo Caicedo-Bravo |
| author_sort | Teresita Canchala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given that the analysis of past monthly rainfall variability is highly relevant for the adequate management of water resources, the relationship between the climate-oceanographic indices, and the variability of monthly rainfall in Southwestern Colombia at different time scales was chosen as the research topic. It should also be noted that little-to-no research has been carried out on this topic before. For the purpose of conducting this research, we identified homogeneous rainfall regions while using Non-Linear Principal Component Analysis (NLPCA) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). The rainfall variability modes were obtained from the NLPCA, while their teleconnection in relation to the climate indices was obtained from Pearson’s Correlations and Wavelet Transform. The regionalization process clarified that Nariño has two regions: the Andean Region (AR) and the Pacific Region (PR). The NLPCA showed two modes for the AR, and one for the PR, with an explained variance of 75% and 48%, respectively. The correlation analyses between the first nonlinear components of AR and PR regarding climate indices showed AR high significant positive correlations with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) index and negative correlations with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. PR showed positive ones with Niño1 + 2, and Niño3, and negative correlations with Niño3.4 and Niño4, although their synchronous relationships were not statistically significant. The Wavelet Coherence analysis showed that the variability of the AR rainfall was influenced principally by the Niño3.4 index on the 3–7-year inter-annual scale, while PR rainfall were influenced by the Niño3 index on the 1.5–3-year inter-annual scale. The El Niño (EN) events lead to a decrease and increase in the monthly rainfall on AR and PR, respectively, while, in the La Niña (LN) events, the opposite occurred. These results that are not documented in previous studies are useful for the forecasting of monthly rainfall and the planning of water resources in the area of study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:49:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b5fde8364a84d5a94d03a616df2911d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:49:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b5fde8364a84d5a94d03a616df2911d2023-11-20T05:15:49ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-06-01127186310.3390/w12071863Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern ColombiaTeresita Canchala0Wilfredo Alfonso-Morales1Wilmar Loaiza Cerón2Yesid Carvajal-Escobar3Eduardo Caicedo-Bravo4Water Resources Engineering and Soil Research Group (IREHISA), School of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali 25360, ColombiaPerception and Intelligent Systems Research Group (PSI), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali 25360, ColombiaFaculty of Humanities, Department of Geography, Universidad del Valle, Cali 25360, ColombiaFaculty of Engineering, Natural and Environmental Resources Engineering School (EIDENAR), Universidad del Valle, Cali 25360, ColombiaPerception and Intelligent Systems Research Group (PSI), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali 25360, ColombiaGiven that the analysis of past monthly rainfall variability is highly relevant for the adequate management of water resources, the relationship between the climate-oceanographic indices, and the variability of monthly rainfall in Southwestern Colombia at different time scales was chosen as the research topic. It should also be noted that little-to-no research has been carried out on this topic before. For the purpose of conducting this research, we identified homogeneous rainfall regions while using Non-Linear Principal Component Analysis (NLPCA) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). The rainfall variability modes were obtained from the NLPCA, while their teleconnection in relation to the climate indices was obtained from Pearson’s Correlations and Wavelet Transform. The regionalization process clarified that Nariño has two regions: the Andean Region (AR) and the Pacific Region (PR). The NLPCA showed two modes for the AR, and one for the PR, with an explained variance of 75% and 48%, respectively. The correlation analyses between the first nonlinear components of AR and PR regarding climate indices showed AR high significant positive correlations with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) index and negative correlations with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. PR showed positive ones with Niño1 + 2, and Niño3, and negative correlations with Niño3.4 and Niño4, although their synchronous relationships were not statistically significant. The Wavelet Coherence analysis showed that the variability of the AR rainfall was influenced principally by the Niño3.4 index on the 3–7-year inter-annual scale, while PR rainfall were influenced by the Niño3 index on the 1.5–3-year inter-annual scale. The El Niño (EN) events lead to a decrease and increase in the monthly rainfall on AR and PR, respectively, while, in the La Niña (LN) events, the opposite occurred. These results that are not documented in previous studies are useful for the forecasting of monthly rainfall and the planning of water resources in the area of study.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/7/1863Southwestern Colombianonlinear principal component analysismonthly rainfall variabilityclimate-oceanographic indiceswavelet analysis |
| spellingShingle | Teresita Canchala Wilfredo Alfonso-Morales Wilmar Loaiza Cerón Yesid Carvajal-Escobar Eduardo Caicedo-Bravo Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia Water Southwestern Colombia nonlinear principal component analysis monthly rainfall variability climate-oceanographic indices wavelet analysis |
| title | Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia |
| title_full | Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia |
| title_fullStr | Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia |
| title_short | Teleconnections between Monthly Rainfall Variability and Large-Scale Climate Indices in Southwestern Colombia |
| title_sort | teleconnections between monthly rainfall variability and large scale climate indices in southwestern colombia |
| topic | Southwestern Colombia nonlinear principal component analysis monthly rainfall variability climate-oceanographic indices wavelet analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/7/1863 |
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