Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications
In this study the authors investigated the effect of alkali (Ca(OH)2) and heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of bovine bone powder. For this purpose, raw and alkali treated samples were heated separately at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. A combination of characte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Kaunas University of Technology
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Medžiagotyra |
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| Online Access: | http://matsc.ktu.lt/index.php/MatSc/article/view/21219 |
| _version_ | 1818249964717867008 |
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| author | Naseer Ahmed KHAN Mukhtiar AHMED Naveed ul Hasan SYED Matthew DREWERY |
| author_facet | Naseer Ahmed KHAN Mukhtiar AHMED Naveed ul Hasan SYED Matthew DREWERY |
| author_sort | Naseer Ahmed KHAN |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study the authors investigated the effect of alkali (Ca(OH)2) and heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of bovine bone powder. For this purpose, raw and alkali treated samples were heated separately at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. A combination of characterization techniques, such as TGA, XRD, N2-adsorbtion isotherms, and EDX were used. It was found that the boiling of cleaned solid pieces of bones in 2 molar Ca(OH)2 solution results in a mass loss of about 10 % (mainly discards oily liquid). TGA analysis affirms that the hydrocarbons of bone matrix are partially extractable (~ 10 %) in the boiling alkaline solution. The color of raw and treated bone samples remained similar, that is changing from yellowish white to grayish black before turning into white over temperatures ranging from 30 °C (room temperature), 400 – 600 °C, and 800 – 1000 °C, respectively. Moreover, XRD signatures were also comparable at unified temperature ranges, however, it was noted that carbonization due to heating engenders a significant change in the intensities of the x-ray reflections. Despite of having similarities, surface area of raw and treated bones at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C were found to be different, indicative of a chemical interactions of calcium ions with bone. Quite interestingly, TGA, XRD, and N2-adsorbtion isotherms support the argument that a limited amount of calcium ions diffuses into the vacancies or interstitial sites of bone lattice. Furthermore, EDX analysis of the samples calcined at 1000 °C confirms that the Ca(OH)2 treatment increases the total calcium content of hydroxylapatite (inorganic part of bone matrix). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:44:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b60031dd8384375b596e34a379047e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1392-1320 2029-7289 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:44:52Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Kaunas University of Technology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medžiagotyra |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b60031dd8384375b596e34a379047e62022-12-22T00:19:48ZengKaunas University of TechnologyMedžiagotyra1392-13202029-72892019-11-0126111411910.5755/j01.ms.26.1.2121921219Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental ApplicationsNaseer Ahmed KHAN0Mukhtiar AHMED1Naveed ul Hasan SYED2Matthew DREWERY3University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar.University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar.University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarThe University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.In this study the authors investigated the effect of alkali (Ca(OH)2) and heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of bovine bone powder. For this purpose, raw and alkali treated samples were heated separately at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. A combination of characterization techniques, such as TGA, XRD, N2-adsorbtion isotherms, and EDX were used. It was found that the boiling of cleaned solid pieces of bones in 2 molar Ca(OH)2 solution results in a mass loss of about 10 % (mainly discards oily liquid). TGA analysis affirms that the hydrocarbons of bone matrix are partially extractable (~ 10 %) in the boiling alkaline solution. The color of raw and treated bone samples remained similar, that is changing from yellowish white to grayish black before turning into white over temperatures ranging from 30 °C (room temperature), 400 – 600 °C, and 800 – 1000 °C, respectively. Moreover, XRD signatures were also comparable at unified temperature ranges, however, it was noted that carbonization due to heating engenders a significant change in the intensities of the x-ray reflections. Despite of having similarities, surface area of raw and treated bones at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C were found to be different, indicative of a chemical interactions of calcium ions with bone. Quite interestingly, TGA, XRD, and N2-adsorbtion isotherms support the argument that a limited amount of calcium ions diffuses into the vacancies or interstitial sites of bone lattice. Furthermore, EDX analysis of the samples calcined at 1000 °C confirms that the Ca(OH)2 treatment increases the total calcium content of hydroxylapatite (inorganic part of bone matrix).http://matsc.ktu.lt/index.php/MatSc/article/view/21219ca(oh)2 treatmentcalcium ions diffusionand hydroxyapatite (hap) |
| spellingShingle | Naseer Ahmed KHAN Mukhtiar AHMED Naveed ul Hasan SYED Matthew DREWERY Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications Medžiagotyra ca(oh)2 treatment calcium ions diffusion and hydroxyapatite (hap) |
| title | Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications |
| title_full | Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications |
| title_short | Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications |
| title_sort | effect of ca oh 2 and heat treatment on the physico chemical properties of bovine bone powder a material useful for medical catalytic and environmental applications |
| topic | ca(oh)2 treatment calcium ions diffusion and hydroxyapatite (hap) |
| url | http://matsc.ktu.lt/index.php/MatSc/article/view/21219 |
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