A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer
Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen receptors. This review is focused on how equol affects breast cancer, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Equol is considered ch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1105 |
| _version_ | 1797395972122214400 |
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| author | Rafidah Hod Sandra Maniam Nurul Huda Mohd Nor |
| author_facet | Rafidah Hod Sandra Maniam Nurul Huda Mohd Nor |
| author_sort | Rafidah Hod |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen receptors. This review is focused on how equol affects breast cancer, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Equol is considered chemoprotective in specific endocrine-related pathologies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and menopausal symptoms. In humans, not everyone can produce equol from gut metabolism. It is postulated that equol producers benefit more than non-equol producers for all the endocrine-related effects. Equol exists in two enantiomers of <i>R</i>-equol and <i>S</i>-equol. Earlier studies, however, did not specify which enantiomer was being used. This review considers equol’s type and concentration variations, pathways affected, and its outcome in in vivo and in vitro studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:43:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b627795d72744489a476b3f3e1ae9a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:43:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b627795d72744489a476b3f3e1ae9a42023-12-11T17:40:53ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-02-01264110510.3390/molecules26041105A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast CancerRafidah Hod0Sandra Maniam1Nurul Huda Mohd Nor2Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaEquol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen receptors. This review is focused on how equol affects breast cancer, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Equol is considered chemoprotective in specific endocrine-related pathologies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and menopausal symptoms. In humans, not everyone can produce equol from gut metabolism. It is postulated that equol producers benefit more than non-equol producers for all the endocrine-related effects. Equol exists in two enantiomers of <i>R</i>-equol and <i>S</i>-equol. Earlier studies, however, did not specify which enantiomer was being used. This review considers equol’s type and concentration variations, pathways affected, and its outcome in in vivo and in vitro studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1105soyisoflavonesbreast cancerin vitroin vivoMCF-7 cells |
| spellingShingle | Rafidah Hod Sandra Maniam Nurul Huda Mohd Nor A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer Molecules soy isoflavones breast cancer in vitro in vivo MCF-7 cells |
| title | A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer |
| title_full | A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer |
| title_short | A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | systematic review of the effects of equol soy metabolite on breast cancer |
| topic | soy isoflavones breast cancer in vitro in vivo MCF-7 cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/1105 |
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