Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa
Abstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the most important global causes of viral hepatitis. Recent reviews suggested that HAV endemicity in South Africa could shift from high to intermediate. A hospital-based HAV seroprevalence study was conducted between February 2018 and December 201...
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25064-x |
| _version_ | 1811315272930295808 |
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| author | Nicolette M. du Plessis Ahmad Haeri Mazanderani Nkengafac Villyen Motaze Makhosazane Ngobese Theunis Avenant |
| author_facet | Nicolette M. du Plessis Ahmad Haeri Mazanderani Nkengafac Villyen Motaze Makhosazane Ngobese Theunis Avenant |
| author_sort | Nicolette M. du Plessis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the most important global causes of viral hepatitis. Recent reviews suggested that HAV endemicity in South Africa could shift from high to intermediate. A hospital-based HAV seroprevalence study was conducted between February 2018 and December 2019 in Pretoria, South Africa. Systematic sampling was performed on children and adolescents (1–15 years) who attended outpatient services. Participants with a known HIV status and valid HAV serology results were included. Of the 1220 participants, the median age was 7 years (IQR: 4–11), with 648 (53.11%) males and 572 (46.89%) females. Of 628 (51.48%) HIV-infected participants, most (329, 71.83%) were both immunologically and virologically controlled or had low-level viremia (74, 16.16%). Almost three-quarters (894, 73.28%) were living in formal dwellings, and just over half (688, 56.39%) had access to clean water sources inside the house. Increasing age was associated with testing HAV IgG-positive (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.20–1.30, p < 0.001), with 19.8% of participants one year of age compared with 86.7% of participants 15 years of age. This study suggests that South Africa has an intermediate HAV seroprevalence, with rates < 90% by 10 years of age (68.6%). Increased age and informal dwellings are statistically associated with HAV seropositivity, while HIV status does not significantly influence HAV seropositivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T11:27:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b71f63e9ebf476bbb7f09632b9e57a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T11:27:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b71f63e9ebf476bbb7f09632b9e57a02022-12-22T02:48:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-011211610.1038/s41598-022-25064-xHepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South AfricaNicolette M. du Plessis0Ahmad Haeri Mazanderani1Nkengafac Villyen Motaze2Makhosazane Ngobese3Theunis Avenant4Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kalafong Hospital, University of PretoriaDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandMedicine Usage in South Africa, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West UniversityDepartment of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kalafong Hospital, University of PretoriaDepartment of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kalafong Hospital, University of PretoriaAbstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is one of the most important global causes of viral hepatitis. Recent reviews suggested that HAV endemicity in South Africa could shift from high to intermediate. A hospital-based HAV seroprevalence study was conducted between February 2018 and December 2019 in Pretoria, South Africa. Systematic sampling was performed on children and adolescents (1–15 years) who attended outpatient services. Participants with a known HIV status and valid HAV serology results were included. Of the 1220 participants, the median age was 7 years (IQR: 4–11), with 648 (53.11%) males and 572 (46.89%) females. Of 628 (51.48%) HIV-infected participants, most (329, 71.83%) were both immunologically and virologically controlled or had low-level viremia (74, 16.16%). Almost three-quarters (894, 73.28%) were living in formal dwellings, and just over half (688, 56.39%) had access to clean water sources inside the house. Increasing age was associated with testing HAV IgG-positive (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.20–1.30, p < 0.001), with 19.8% of participants one year of age compared with 86.7% of participants 15 years of age. This study suggests that South Africa has an intermediate HAV seroprevalence, with rates < 90% by 10 years of age (68.6%). Increased age and informal dwellings are statistically associated with HAV seropositivity, while HIV status does not significantly influence HAV seropositivity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25064-x |
| spellingShingle | Nicolette M. du Plessis Ahmad Haeri Mazanderani Nkengafac Villyen Motaze Makhosazane Ngobese Theunis Avenant Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa Scientific Reports |
| title | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa |
| title_full | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa |
| title_short | Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high-burden HIV setting in urban South Africa |
| title_sort | hepatitis a virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high burden hiv setting in urban south africa |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25064-x |
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