| Summary: | A flow–particle interaction solver was developed in this study. For the basic flow solver, an improved divergence-free-condition compensated coupled (IDFC<sup>2</sup>) framework was employed to predict the velocity and pressure field. In order to model the effect of solid particles, the differentially interpolated direct forcing immersed boundary (DIIB) method was incorporated with the IDFC<sup>2</sup> framework, while the equation of motion was solved to predict the displacement, rotation and velocity of the particle. The hydrodynamic force and torque which appeared in the equations of motion were directly evaluated by fluid velocity and pressure, so as to eliminate the instability problem of the density ratio close to 1. In order to effectively evaluate the drag/lift forces acting on the particle, an interpolated kernel function was introduced. The present results will be compared with the benchmark solutions to validate the present flow–particle interaction solver.
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