Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation
In this study, spent malt rootlet-derived biochar was modified by a friendly eco-method using a low temperature (100 °C) and dilute acid, base, or water. The modification significantly enhanced the surface area from 100 to 308–428 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> and changed the m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1245 |
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| author | Alexandra A. Ioannidi John Vakros Zacharias Frontistis Dionissios Mantzavinos |
| author_facet | Alexandra A. Ioannidi John Vakros Zacharias Frontistis Dionissios Mantzavinos |
| author_sort | Alexandra A. Ioannidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, spent malt rootlet-derived biochar was modified by a friendly eco-method using a low temperature (100 °C) and dilute acid, base, or water. The modification significantly enhanced the surface area from 100 to 308–428 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> and changed the morphology and the carbon phase. In addition, the mineral’s percentage and zero-point charge were significantly affected. Among the examined materials, the acid-treated biochar exhibited higher degradation of the drug losartan in the presence of persulfate. Interestingly, the biochar acted as an adsorbent at pH 3, whereas at pH = 5.6 and 10, the apparent kinetic constant’s ratio k<sub>oxidation</sub>/k<sub>adsorption</sub> was 3.73 ± 0.03, demonstrating losartan oxidation. Scavenging experiments indirectly demonstrated that the role of the non-radical mechanism (singlet oxygen) was crucial; however, sulfate and hydroxyl radicals also significantly participated in the oxidation of losartan. Experiments in secondary effluent resulted in decreased efficiency in comparison to pure water; this is ascribed to the competition between the actual water matrix constituents and the target compound for the active biochar sites and reactive species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b7fe00eddaa4b9bb8ab437bfe386e42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b7fe00eddaa4b9bb8ab437bfe386e422023-11-23T23:26:05ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442022-10-011210124510.3390/catal12101245Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate ActivationAlexandra A. Ioannidi0John Vakros1Zacharias Frontistis2Dionissios Mantzavinos3Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50132 Kozani, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, GreeceIn this study, spent malt rootlet-derived biochar was modified by a friendly eco-method using a low temperature (100 °C) and dilute acid, base, or water. The modification significantly enhanced the surface area from 100 to 308–428 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> and changed the morphology and the carbon phase. In addition, the mineral’s percentage and zero-point charge were significantly affected. Among the examined materials, the acid-treated biochar exhibited higher degradation of the drug losartan in the presence of persulfate. Interestingly, the biochar acted as an adsorbent at pH 3, whereas at pH = 5.6 and 10, the apparent kinetic constant’s ratio k<sub>oxidation</sub>/k<sub>adsorption</sub> was 3.73 ± 0.03, demonstrating losartan oxidation. Scavenging experiments indirectly demonstrated that the role of the non-radical mechanism (singlet oxygen) was crucial; however, sulfate and hydroxyl radicals also significantly participated in the oxidation of losartan. Experiments in secondary effluent resulted in decreased efficiency in comparison to pure water; this is ascribed to the competition between the actual water matrix constituents and the target compound for the active biochar sites and reactive species.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1245biocharactivated persulfatemicropollutantsoxidationadsorptiontailoring |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra A. Ioannidi John Vakros Zacharias Frontistis Dionissios Mantzavinos Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation Catalysts biochar activated persulfate micropollutants oxidation adsorption tailoring |
| title | Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation |
| title_full | Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation |
| title_fullStr | Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation |
| title_short | Tailoring the Biochar Physicochemical Properties Using a Friendly Eco-Method and Its Application on the Oxidation of the Drug Losartan through Persulfate Activation |
| title_sort | tailoring the biochar physicochemical properties using a friendly eco method and its application on the oxidation of the drug losartan through persulfate activation |
| topic | biochar activated persulfate micropollutants oxidation adsorption tailoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1245 |
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