Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE
The aim of this study was to model and evaluate the Specific Energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values in humans in proximity to fixed multi-antenna I-RFID readers of passive tags under various scenarios mimicking exposure when they are incorporated in Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS), or used to monitor...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4251 |
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| author | Patryk Zradziński Jolanta Karpowicz Krzysztof Gryz Grzegorz Owczarek Victoria Ramos |
| author_facet | Patryk Zradziński Jolanta Karpowicz Krzysztof Gryz Grzegorz Owczarek Victoria Ramos |
| author_sort | Patryk Zradziński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to model and evaluate the Specific Energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values in humans in proximity to fixed multi-antenna I-RFID readers of passive tags under various scenarios mimicking exposure when they are incorporated in Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS), or used to monitor Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The sources of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in the modelled readers were rectangular microstrip antennas at a resonance frequency in free space of 866 MHz from the ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID frequency range of 865–868 MHz. The obtained results of numerical modelling showed that the SAR values in the body 5 cm away from the UHF RFID readers need consideration with respect to exposure limits set by international guidelines to prevent adverse thermal effects of exposure to EMF: when the effective radiated power exceeds 5.5 W with respect to the general public/unrestricted environments exposure limits, and with respect to occupational/restricted environments exposure limits, when the effective radiated power exceeds 27.5 W. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:12:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b85ff774ff94a5b991235b491ccb168 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:12:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b85ff774ff94a5b991235b491ccb1682023-11-22T01:05:25ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-06-012112425110.3390/s21124251Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPEPatryk Zradziński0Jolanta Karpowicz1Krzysztof Gryz2Grzegorz Owczarek3Victoria Ramos4Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, PolandLaboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, PolandLaboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, PolandEye and Face Protection Laboratory, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, PolandTelemedicine and e-Health Research Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, SpainThe aim of this study was to model and evaluate the Specific Energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values in humans in proximity to fixed multi-antenna I-RFID readers of passive tags under various scenarios mimicking exposure when they are incorporated in Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS), or used to monitor Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The sources of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in the modelled readers were rectangular microstrip antennas at a resonance frequency in free space of 866 MHz from the ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID frequency range of 865–868 MHz. The obtained results of numerical modelling showed that the SAR values in the body 5 cm away from the UHF RFID readers need consideration with respect to exposure limits set by international guidelines to prevent adverse thermal effects of exposure to EMF: when the effective radiated power exceeds 5.5 W with respect to the general public/unrestricted environments exposure limits, and with respect to occupational/restricted environments exposure limits, when the effective radiated power exceeds 27.5 W.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4251biomedical engineeringenvironmental engineeringnumerical simulationsoccupational exposurepublic healthspecific energy absorption rate (SAR) |
| spellingShingle | Patryk Zradziński Jolanta Karpowicz Krzysztof Gryz Grzegorz Owczarek Victoria Ramos Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE Sensors biomedical engineering environmental engineering numerical simulations occupational exposure public health specific energy absorption rate (SAR) |
| title | Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE |
| title_full | Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE |
| title_fullStr | Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE |
| title_short | Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE |
| title_sort | modelling and evaluation of the absorption of the 866 mhz electromagnetic field in humans exposed near to fixed i rfid readers used in medical rtls or to monitor ppe |
| topic | biomedical engineering environmental engineering numerical simulations occupational exposure public health specific energy absorption rate (SAR) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4251 |
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