Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i>
<i>Ilex verticillata</i> is not only an excellent ornamental tree species for courtyards, but it is also a popular bonsai tree. ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’ are two varieties of <i>Ilex verticillata</i>. The former has a long stem with few branches, while the latter has a sh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1941 |
| _version_ | 1797598585953452032 |
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| author | Sini Qin Siyi Fu Ying Yang Qiumin Sun Jingqi Wang Yanling Dong Xinyi Gu Tao Wang Xiaoting Xie Xiaorong Mo Hangjin Jiang Youxiang Yu Jijun Yan Jinfang Chu Bingsong Zheng Yi He |
| author_facet | Sini Qin Siyi Fu Ying Yang Qiumin Sun Jingqi Wang Yanling Dong Xinyi Gu Tao Wang Xiaoting Xie Xiaorong Mo Hangjin Jiang Youxiang Yu Jijun Yan Jinfang Chu Bingsong Zheng Yi He |
| author_sort | Sini Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ilex verticillata</i> is not only an excellent ornamental tree species for courtyards, but it is also a popular bonsai tree. ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’ are two varieties of <i>Ilex verticillata</i>. The former has a long stem with few branches, while the latter has a short stem. In order to explain the stem growth differences between the two cultivars ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’, determination of the microstructure, transcriptome sequence and IAA content was carried out. The results showed that the xylem thickness, vessel area and vessel number of ‘Oosterwijk’ were larger than in ‘Red sprite’. In addition, our analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes which were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis in the black and tan modules of the two varieties. We found that <i>AST</i>, <i>HCT</i> and <i>bHLH 94</i> may be key genes in the formation of shoot difference. Moreover, we found that the IAA content and auxin-related DEGs <i>GH3.6</i>, <i>GH3</i>, <i>ATRP5</i>, <i>IAA27</i>, <i>SAUR36-like</i>, <i>GH3.6-like</i> and <i>AIP 10A5-like</i> may play important roles in the formation of shoot differences. In summary, these results indicated that stem growth variations of ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’ were associated with DEGs related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, as well as auxin content and DEGs related to the auxin signaling pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b8de40685774c71ba695b3f86aaea9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b8de40685774c71ba695b3f86aaea9e2023-11-18T02:55:21ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-05-011210194110.3390/plants12101941Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i>Sini Qin0Siyi Fu1Ying Yang2Qiumin Sun3Jingqi Wang4Yanling Dong5Xinyi Gu6Tao Wang7Xiaoting Xie8Xiaorong Mo9Hangjin Jiang10Youxiang Yu11Jijun Yan12Jinfang Chu13Bingsong Zheng14Yi He15State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCenter for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA) Research Center for Ilex, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaNational Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaNational Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China<i>Ilex verticillata</i> is not only an excellent ornamental tree species for courtyards, but it is also a popular bonsai tree. ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’ are two varieties of <i>Ilex verticillata</i>. The former has a long stem with few branches, while the latter has a short stem. In order to explain the stem growth differences between the two cultivars ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’, determination of the microstructure, transcriptome sequence and IAA content was carried out. The results showed that the xylem thickness, vessel area and vessel number of ‘Oosterwijk’ were larger than in ‘Red sprite’. In addition, our analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes which were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis in the black and tan modules of the two varieties. We found that <i>AST</i>, <i>HCT</i> and <i>bHLH 94</i> may be key genes in the formation of shoot difference. Moreover, we found that the IAA content and auxin-related DEGs <i>GH3.6</i>, <i>GH3</i>, <i>ATRP5</i>, <i>IAA27</i>, <i>SAUR36-like</i>, <i>GH3.6-like</i> and <i>AIP 10A5-like</i> may play important roles in the formation of shoot differences. In summary, these results indicated that stem growth variations of ‘Oosterwijk’ and ‘Red sprite’ were associated with DEGs related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, as well as auxin content and DEGs related to the auxin signaling pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1941<i>Ilex verticillata</i>stemxylemtranscriptomeauxinIAA content |
| spellingShingle | Sini Qin Siyi Fu Ying Yang Qiumin Sun Jingqi Wang Yanling Dong Xinyi Gu Tao Wang Xiaoting Xie Xiaorong Mo Hangjin Jiang Youxiang Yu Jijun Yan Jinfang Chu Bingsong Zheng Yi He Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i> Plants <i>Ilex verticillata</i> stem xylem transcriptome auxin IAA content |
| title | Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i> |
| title_full | Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i> |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i> |
| title_short | Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars <i>Ilex verticillata</i> |
| title_sort | comparative microscopic transcriptome and iaa content analyses reveal the stem growth variations in two cultivars i ilex verticillata i |
| topic | <i>Ilex verticillata</i> stem xylem transcriptome auxin IAA content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1941 |
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