Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal
In this study, a comprehensive and realistic model of laser light interaction with skin and hair was constructed. The model was applied to study the characteristics of laser-tissue interaction for the deeply penetrating Nd:YAG laser. Three types of finite element method (FEM) models were developed....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8553 |
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| author | Zan Klanecek Rok Hren Urban Simončič Blaz Tasic Muc Matjaž Lukač Matija Milanič |
| author_facet | Zan Klanecek Rok Hren Urban Simončič Blaz Tasic Muc Matjaž Lukač Matija Milanič |
| author_sort | Zan Klanecek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a comprehensive and realistic model of laser light interaction with skin and hair was constructed. The model was applied to study the characteristics of laser-tissue interaction for the deeply penetrating Nd:YAG laser. Three types of finite element method (FEM) models were developed. In the first model, the hair shaft grew straight out of the follicle; in the second model, it grew at a variable angle; and in the third model, an array of hair was considered. The transport equation and heat diffusion equation were solved with the mesh-based Monte Carlo method and partial differential equations, respectively. The results of the simulations indicated that the area of necrosis increased with increasing fluence; cooling had a limited effect on the extent of necrosis, particularly at a fluence of 80 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The thermal damage to hair follicles on the periphery of an irradiated array of hair may be insufficient for achieving necrosis. The pulse itself and the short cooling-down period after the pulse contributed the most to the final thermal damage to the hair follicle. The FEM modeling of laser-tissue interaction has proven to be a useful tool for studying the influence of different therapeutic parameters on the resulting hair and skin damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b940de15abd40ebb47f343cfb89fbcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b940de15abd40ebb47f343cfb89fbcb2023-11-18T18:14:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-07-011314855310.3390/app13148553Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair RemovalZan Klanecek0Rok Hren1Urban Simončič2Blaz Tasic Muc3Matjaž Lukač4Matija Milanič5Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFotona d.o.o., 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaIn this study, a comprehensive and realistic model of laser light interaction with skin and hair was constructed. The model was applied to study the characteristics of laser-tissue interaction for the deeply penetrating Nd:YAG laser. Three types of finite element method (FEM) models were developed. In the first model, the hair shaft grew straight out of the follicle; in the second model, it grew at a variable angle; and in the third model, an array of hair was considered. The transport equation and heat diffusion equation were solved with the mesh-based Monte Carlo method and partial differential equations, respectively. The results of the simulations indicated that the area of necrosis increased with increasing fluence; cooling had a limited effect on the extent of necrosis, particularly at a fluence of 80 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The thermal damage to hair follicles on the periphery of an irradiated array of hair may be insufficient for achieving necrosis. The pulse itself and the short cooling-down period after the pulse contributed the most to the final thermal damage to the hair follicle. The FEM modeling of laser-tissue interaction has proven to be a useful tool for studying the influence of different therapeutic parameters on the resulting hair and skin damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8553laserhair removalfinite element methodFEMmodelingMonte Carlo method |
| spellingShingle | Zan Klanecek Rok Hren Urban Simončič Blaz Tasic Muc Matjaž Lukač Matija Milanič Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal Applied Sciences laser hair removal finite element method FEM modeling Monte Carlo method |
| title | Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal |
| title_full | Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal |
| title_fullStr | Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal |
| title_short | Finite Element Method (FEM) Modeling of Laser-Tissue Interaction during Hair Removal |
| title_sort | finite element method fem modeling of laser tissue interaction during hair removal |
| topic | laser hair removal finite element method FEM modeling Monte Carlo method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8553 |
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