Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease
Abstract Background Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influenc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-023-00591-y |
| _version_ | 1797276599966498816 |
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| author | Hassan A. Saad Azza Baz Mohamed Riad Mohamed E. Eraky Ahmed El-Taher Mohamed I. Farid Khaled Sharaf Huda E. M. Said Lotfy A. Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Hassan A. Saad Azza Baz Mohamed Riad Mohamed E. Eraky Ahmed El-Taher Mohamed I. Farid Khaled Sharaf Huda E. M. Said Lotfy A. Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Hassan A. Saad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influence growth and metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be administered in patients who are at a high risk of recurrence. Our goal was to identify the processes underlying both types of early local recurrences. Methods This was a case-control observational study. Within 2 years of receiving adjuvant taxan and anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as well as modified radical mastectomy (MRM), early stage IDC and ILC recurred. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), and clustered differentiation (CD95) were investigated. Results Of the samples in the ductal type group, 25 showed local recurrence, and 25 did not. Six individuals in the lobular-type group did not experience recurrence, whereas seven did. Vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) expressions were significantly different in ductal and lobular carcinoma types, respectively. Measurement of ductal type was the sole significant difference found in MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000). α-SMA and CD95 were two variables that helped the recurrence mechanism in the ductal type according to the pathway analysis. In contrast, the CD95 route is a recurrent mechanism for the lobular form. Conclusions While the immune system plays a larger role in ILC, the tumor microenvironment and immune system both influence the recurrence of IDC. According to this study, improving the immune system may be a viable cancer treatment option. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:31:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3b986fd0767a483687884eae9aa8919d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2172 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:31:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3b986fd0767a483687884eae9aa8919d2024-03-05T16:24:40ZengBMCBMC Immunology1471-21722024-01-0125111410.1186/s12865-023-00591-yTumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of diseaseHassan A. Saad0Azza Baz1Mohamed Riad2Mohamed E. Eraky3Ahmed El-Taher4Mohamed I. Farid5Khaled Sharaf6Huda E. M. Said7Lotfy A. Ibrahim8Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, Alahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversitySurgical Department, AlAzhar UniversityAbstract Background Intra-ductal cancer (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, with intra-lobular cancer (ILC) coming in second. Surgery is the primary treatment for early stage breast cancer. There are now irrefutable data demonstrating that the immune context of breast tumors can influence growth and metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be administered in patients who are at a high risk of recurrence. Our goal was to identify the processes underlying both types of early local recurrences. Methods This was a case-control observational study. Within 2 years of receiving adjuvant taxan and anthracycline-based chemotherapy, as well as modified radical mastectomy (MRM), early stage IDC and ILC recurred. Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP1), and clustered differentiation (CD95) were investigated. Results Of the samples in the ductal type group, 25 showed local recurrence, and 25 did not. Six individuals in the lobular-type group did not experience recurrence, whereas seven did. Vimentin (p = 0.000 and 0.021), PDGF (p = 0.000 and 0.002), and CD95 (p = 0.000 and 0.045) expressions were significantly different in ductal and lobular carcinoma types, respectively. Measurement of ductal type was the sole significant difference found in MMP1 (p = 0.000) and α-SMA (p = 0.000). α-SMA and CD95 were two variables that helped the recurrence mechanism in the ductal type according to the pathway analysis. In contrast, the CD95 route is a recurrent mechanism for the lobular form. Conclusions While the immune system plays a larger role in ILC, the tumor microenvironment and immune system both influence the recurrence of IDC. According to this study, improving the immune system may be a viable cancer treatment option.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-023-00591-yEarly breast cancer predictionImmune microenvironmentRole of immune system in IDCDCI and ILC |
| spellingShingle | Hassan A. Saad Azza Baz Mohamed Riad Mohamed E. Eraky Ahmed El-Taher Mohamed I. Farid Khaled Sharaf Huda E. M. Said Lotfy A. Ibrahim Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease BMC Immunology Early breast cancer prediction Immune microenvironment Role of immune system in IDC DCI and ILC |
| title | Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease |
| title_full | Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease |
| title_fullStr | Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease |
| title_short | Tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early-stage breast cancer: routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease |
| title_sort | tumor microenvironment and immune system preservation in early stage breast cancer routes for early recurrence after mastectomy and treatment for lobular and ductal forms of disease |
| topic | Early breast cancer prediction Immune microenvironment Role of immune system in IDC DCI and ILC |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-023-00591-y |
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