Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes
The number of earthquakes with high damage and high losses has been limited to around 100 events since 1900. Looking at historical losses from 1900 onward, we see that around 100 key earthquakes (or around 1% of damaging earthquakes) have caused around 93% of fatalities globally. What is indeed inte...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Built Environment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbuil.2017.00030/full |
| _version_ | 1818939093264891904 |
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| author | James E. Daniell Andreas M. Schaefer Friedemann Wenzel |
| author_facet | James E. Daniell Andreas M. Schaefer Friedemann Wenzel |
| author_sort | James E. Daniell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The number of earthquakes with high damage and high losses has been limited to around 100 events since 1900. Looking at historical losses from 1900 onward, we see that around 100 key earthquakes (or around 1% of damaging earthquakes) have caused around 93% of fatalities globally. What is indeed interesting about this statistic is that within these events, secondary effects have played a major role, causing around 40% of economic losses and fatalities as compared to shaking effects. Disaggregation of secondary effect economic losses and fatalities demonstrating the relative influence of historical losses from direct earthquake shaking in comparison to tsunami, fire, landslides, liquefaction, fault rupture, and other type losses is important if we are to understand the key causes post-earthquake. The trends and major event impacts of secondary effects are explored in terms of their historic impact as well as looking to improved ways to disaggregate them through two case studies of the Tohoku 2011 event for earthquake, tsunami, liquefaction, fire, and the nuclear impact; as well as the Chilean 1960 earthquake and tsunami event. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:18:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ba7ef86dd424686ae06cf649e74cc16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-3362 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:18:16Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Built Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ba7ef86dd424686ae06cf649e74cc162022-12-21T19:50:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Built Environment2297-33622017-06-01310.3389/fbuil.2017.00030257833Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in EarthquakesJames E. Daniell0Andreas M. Schaefer1Friedemann Wenzel2Geophysical Institute, Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyGeophysical Institute, Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyGeophysical Institute, Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyThe number of earthquakes with high damage and high losses has been limited to around 100 events since 1900. Looking at historical losses from 1900 onward, we see that around 100 key earthquakes (or around 1% of damaging earthquakes) have caused around 93% of fatalities globally. What is indeed interesting about this statistic is that within these events, secondary effects have played a major role, causing around 40% of economic losses and fatalities as compared to shaking effects. Disaggregation of secondary effect economic losses and fatalities demonstrating the relative influence of historical losses from direct earthquake shaking in comparison to tsunami, fire, landslides, liquefaction, fault rupture, and other type losses is important if we are to understand the key causes post-earthquake. The trends and major event impacts of secondary effects are explored in terms of their historic impact as well as looking to improved ways to disaggregate them through two case studies of the Tohoku 2011 event for earthquake, tsunami, liquefaction, fire, and the nuclear impact; as well as the Chilean 1960 earthquake and tsunami event.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbuil.2017.00030/fulltsunamiearthquake effectssocioeconomic losseslandslidesliquefactionfatalities |
| spellingShingle | James E. Daniell Andreas M. Schaefer Friedemann Wenzel Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes Frontiers in Built Environment tsunami earthquake effects socioeconomic losses landslides liquefaction fatalities |
| title | Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes |
| title_full | Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes |
| title_fullStr | Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes |
| title_short | Losses Associated with Secondary Effects in Earthquakes |
| title_sort | losses associated with secondary effects in earthquakes |
| topic | tsunami earthquake effects socioeconomic losses landslides liquefaction fatalities |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbuil.2017.00030/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jamesedaniell lossesassociatedwithsecondaryeffectsinearthquakes AT andreasmschaefer lossesassociatedwithsecondaryeffectsinearthquakes AT friedemannwenzel lossesassociatedwithsecondaryeffectsinearthquakes |