Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles
Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers remarkable advantages in relation to traditional methods used to obtain solid structures, such as the capability to obtain customized complex geometries adapted to individual requirements. The design of novel nanocomposites suitable for AM is an excellent strategy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1168 |
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| author | Luisa M. Valencia Miriam Herrera María de la Mata Alberto S. de León Francisco J. Delgado Sergio I. Molina |
| author_facet | Luisa M. Valencia Miriam Herrera María de la Mata Alberto S. de León Francisco J. Delgado Sergio I. Molina |
| author_sort | Luisa M. Valencia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers remarkable advantages in relation to traditional methods used to obtain solid structures, such as the capability to obtain customized complex geometries adapted to individual requirements. The design of novel nanocomposites suitable for AM is an excellent strategy to widen the application field of these techniques. In this work, we report on the fabrication of metal/polymer nanocomposites with enhanced optical/electrical behaviour for stereolithography (SLA). In particular, we analyse the in situ generation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) from Ag precursors (AgNO<sub>3</sub> and AgClO<sub>4</sub>) within acrylic resins via SLA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed the formation of Ag NPs smaller than 5 nm in all nanocomposites, providing optical activity to the materials. A high density of Ag NPs with a good distribution through the material for the larger concentration of AgClO<sub>4</sub> precursor tested was observed, in contrast to the isolated agglomerations found when the precursor amount was reduced to 0.1%. A significant reduction in the electrical resistivity up to four orders of magnitude was found for this material compared to the unfilled resin. However, consumption of part of the photoinitiator in the formation process of the Ag NPs contributed to a reduction in the polymerization degree of the resin and, consequently, degraded the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Experiments with longer curing times showed that, for the higher AgClO<sub>4</sub> concentrations tested, post-curing times of 300 min allowed an 80% degree of polymerization to be achieved. These conditions turned these materials into promising candidates to obtain solid structures with multifunctional properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:52:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3bb6c9e7aa0140f584c7a5b49a7421bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:52:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-3bb6c9e7aa0140f584c7a5b49a7421bb2023-11-30T22:03:29ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-03-01146116810.3390/polym14061168Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of NanoparticlesLuisa M. Valencia0Miriam Herrera1María de la Mata2Alberto S. de León3Francisco J. Delgado4Sergio I. Molina5Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, SpainAdditive Manufacturing (AM) offers remarkable advantages in relation to traditional methods used to obtain solid structures, such as the capability to obtain customized complex geometries adapted to individual requirements. The design of novel nanocomposites suitable for AM is an excellent strategy to widen the application field of these techniques. In this work, we report on the fabrication of metal/polymer nanocomposites with enhanced optical/electrical behaviour for stereolithography (SLA). In particular, we analyse the in situ generation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) from Ag precursors (AgNO<sub>3</sub> and AgClO<sub>4</sub>) within acrylic resins via SLA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed the formation of Ag NPs smaller than 5 nm in all nanocomposites, providing optical activity to the materials. A high density of Ag NPs with a good distribution through the material for the larger concentration of AgClO<sub>4</sub> precursor tested was observed, in contrast to the isolated agglomerations found when the precursor amount was reduced to 0.1%. A significant reduction in the electrical resistivity up to four orders of magnitude was found for this material compared to the unfilled resin. However, consumption of part of the photoinitiator in the formation process of the Ag NPs contributed to a reduction in the polymerization degree of the resin and, consequently, degraded the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Experiments with longer curing times showed that, for the higher AgClO<sub>4</sub> concentrations tested, post-curing times of 300 min allowed an 80% degree of polymerization to be achieved. These conditions turned these materials into promising candidates to obtain solid structures with multifunctional properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1168additive manufacturingstereolithographypolymer-based nanocompositesacrylic resinsilver nanoparticlesin situ generation |
| spellingShingle | Luisa M. Valencia Miriam Herrera María de la Mata Alberto S. de León Francisco J. Delgado Sergio I. Molina Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles Polymers additive manufacturing stereolithography polymer-based nanocomposites acrylic resin silver nanoparticles in situ generation |
| title | Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites for Stereolithography: In Situ Formation of Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | synthesis of silver nanocomposites for stereolithography in situ formation of nanoparticles |
| topic | additive manufacturing stereolithography polymer-based nanocomposites acrylic resin silver nanoparticles in situ generation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/6/1168 |
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