Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust
The SO<sub>2</sub> discharged by ships causes serious pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization has set strict requirements on the sulfur content of marine fuel. For the first time, this study investigates the optimal detection wavelength based on th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1119 |
| _version_ | 1797550511177596928 |
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| author | Zhenduo Zhang Wenbo Zheng Kai Cao Ying Li Ming Xie |
| author_facet | Zhenduo Zhang Wenbo Zheng Kai Cao Ying Li Ming Xie |
| author_sort | Zhenduo Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The SO<sub>2</sub> discharged by ships causes serious pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization has set strict requirements on the sulfur content of marine fuel. For the first time, this study investigates the optimal detection wavelength based on the imaging technology to realize an accurate monitoring of the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration in ship exhaust. First, a simulation analysis model of the optimal imaging detection (SAMID) wavelength of the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration in ship exhaust is proposed and analyzed in this study. Next, a bench experiment is designed. The values and the range of the gas concentration values required for the simulation are obtained. Finally, based on the principle of minimum error, the optimal detection wavelengths of the single- and the dual-wavelength imaging detection technologies are determined as 287 nm and 297 nm and 298 nm, respectively. During the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration retrieval, the minimum values of the root mean squared error, the mean absolute error, and the mean absolute percentage error of the single- and the dual-wavelengths are 563.14 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, 445.11 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, and 347.22% and 0.62 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, 0.49 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, and 0.85%, respectively. The simulation analysis results provide a theoretical basis for the future hardware development of an optical remote sensing system based on the imaging detection technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:30:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3bb99f03ff2e4834865af35f806a0d5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:30:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-3bb99f03ff2e4834865af35f806a0d5a2023-11-20T17:39:08ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-10-011110111910.3390/atmos11101119Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship ExhaustZhenduo Zhang0Wenbo Zheng1Kai Cao2Ying Li3Ming Xie4Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaNavigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaNavigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaNavigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaNavigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaThe SO<sub>2</sub> discharged by ships causes serious pollution to the atmosphere. Therefore, the International Maritime Organization has set strict requirements on the sulfur content of marine fuel. For the first time, this study investigates the optimal detection wavelength based on the imaging technology to realize an accurate monitoring of the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration in ship exhaust. First, a simulation analysis model of the optimal imaging detection (SAMID) wavelength of the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration in ship exhaust is proposed and analyzed in this study. Next, a bench experiment is designed. The values and the range of the gas concentration values required for the simulation are obtained. Finally, based on the principle of minimum error, the optimal detection wavelengths of the single- and the dual-wavelength imaging detection technologies are determined as 287 nm and 297 nm and 298 nm, respectively. During the SO<sub>2</sub> concentration retrieval, the minimum values of the root mean squared error, the mean absolute error, and the mean absolute percentage error of the single- and the dual-wavelengths are 563.14 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, 445.11 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, and 347.22% and 0.62 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, 0.49 molecules/cm<sup>3</sup>, and 0.85%, respectively. The simulation analysis results provide a theoretical basis for the future hardware development of an optical remote sensing system based on the imaging detection technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1119ship emissionsexhaust plumeSO<sub>2</sub> concentrationsimulation analysisimaging detection |
| spellingShingle | Zhenduo Zhang Wenbo Zheng Kai Cao Ying Li Ming Xie Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust Atmosphere ship emissions exhaust plume SO<sub>2</sub> concentration simulation analysis imaging detection |
| title | Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust |
| title_full | Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust |
| title_fullStr | Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust |
| title_short | Simulation Analysis on the Optimal Imaging Detection Wavelength of SO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Ship Exhaust |
| title_sort | simulation analysis on the optimal imaging detection wavelength of so sub 2 sub concentration in ship exhaust |
| topic | ship emissions exhaust plume SO<sub>2</sub> concentration simulation analysis imaging detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1119 |
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