Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration
Tungsten (W) has a unique combination of excellent thermal properties, low sputter yield, low hydrogen retention, and acceptable activation. Therefore, W is presently the main candidate for the first wall material in future fusion devices. However, its intrinsic brittleness and its further embrittle...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Materials and Energy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179121001186 |
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| author | L. Raumann J.W. Coenen J. Riesch Y. Mao D. Schwalenberg T. Wegener H. Gietl T. Höschen Ch. Linsmeier O. Guillon |
| author_facet | L. Raumann J.W. Coenen J. Riesch Y. Mao D. Schwalenberg T. Wegener H. Gietl T. Höschen Ch. Linsmeier O. Guillon |
| author_sort | L. Raumann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tungsten (W) has a unique combination of excellent thermal properties, low sputter yield, low hydrogen retention, and acceptable activation. Therefore, W is presently the main candidate for the first wall material in future fusion devices. However, its intrinsic brittleness and its further embrittlement during operation bears the risk of a sudden and catastrophic component failure. As a countermeasure, tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W) with extrinsic toughening is being developed. A possible synthesis route is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using heated W fabrics as substrate. The challenge is that the growing CVD-W can isolate domains from precursor access leading to strength-reducing pores. To deepen the process understanding and to optimize the CVD parameters, models were developed with COMSOL Multiphysics and validated experimentally. W deposition rate equations as function of the temperature and the partial pressures of the precursors H2and WF6were experimentally validated in previous work. In the present article, these equations are applied to obtain partial pressures within the CVD reactor. The results are taken as input for transient simulations in the microscale, in which W coatings, growing onto multiple adjacent W fibers, were simulated via mesh deformation and remeshing. The surface-to-surface contact of the W coatings and the corresponding potential pore formation were simulated by implementing sophisticated deposition rate stop conditions. Within the measuring uncertainties of ≃±1%, the models are validated successfully by experimental comparison regarding the deposition rate, pore structure, and relative densities ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:54:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3bc40701eeb84c6197a3c5785d561b0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-1791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:54:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Materials and Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-3bc40701eeb84c6197a3c5785d561b0e2022-12-21T18:49:00ZengElsevierNuclear Materials and Energy2352-17912021-09-0128101048Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltrationL. Raumann0J.W. Coenen1J. Riesch2Y. Mao3D. Schwalenberg4T. Wegener5H. Gietl6T. Höschen7Ch. Linsmeier8O. Guillon9Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.; Institute of Mineral Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; Corresponding author at: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany.Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAMax-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching b. München, GermanyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAMax-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, 85748 Garching b. München, GermanyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, 52428 Jülich, Germany11 Partner in the Trilateral Euregio Cluster.; Institute of Mineral Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; JARA-Energy, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, GermanyTungsten (W) has a unique combination of excellent thermal properties, low sputter yield, low hydrogen retention, and acceptable activation. Therefore, W is presently the main candidate for the first wall material in future fusion devices. However, its intrinsic brittleness and its further embrittlement during operation bears the risk of a sudden and catastrophic component failure. As a countermeasure, tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W) with extrinsic toughening is being developed. A possible synthesis route is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using heated W fabrics as substrate. The challenge is that the growing CVD-W can isolate domains from precursor access leading to strength-reducing pores. To deepen the process understanding and to optimize the CVD parameters, models were developed with COMSOL Multiphysics and validated experimentally. W deposition rate equations as function of the temperature and the partial pressures of the precursors H2and WF6were experimentally validated in previous work. In the present article, these equations are applied to obtain partial pressures within the CVD reactor. The results are taken as input for transient simulations in the microscale, in which W coatings, growing onto multiple adjacent W fibers, were simulated via mesh deformation and remeshing. The surface-to-surface contact of the W coatings and the corresponding potential pore formation were simulated by implementing sophisticated deposition rate stop conditions. Within the measuring uncertainties of ≃±1%, the models are validated successfully by experimental comparison regarding the deposition rate, pore structure, and relative densities ranging from 0.6 to 0.9.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179121001186Chemical vapor deposition/infiltrationTungsten fiber reinforced tungstenComsol multiphysicsMacroscopic reactor modelMicroscopic pore formation modelScripted metallographic image analysis |
| spellingShingle | L. Raumann J.W. Coenen J. Riesch Y. Mao D. Schwalenberg T. Wegener H. Gietl T. Höschen Ch. Linsmeier O. Guillon Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration Nuclear Materials and Energy Chemical vapor deposition/infiltration Tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten Comsol multiphysics Macroscopic reactor model Microscopic pore formation model Scripted metallographic image analysis |
| title | Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration |
| title_full | Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration |
| title_fullStr | Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration |
| title_short | Modeling and experimental validation of a Wf/W-fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration |
| title_sort | modeling and experimental validation of a wf w fabrication by chemical vapor deposition and infiltration |
| topic | Chemical vapor deposition/infiltration Tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten Comsol multiphysics Macroscopic reactor model Microscopic pore formation model Scripted metallographic image analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352179121001186 |
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