Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance
Layered two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>), as an outstanding MXene member, has captured increasing attention in supercapacitor applications due to its excellent chemical and physical properties. However, the low gravimetri...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/2/345 |
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| author | Ben Yang Yin She Changgeng Zhang Shuai Kang Jin Zhou Wei Hu |
| author_facet | Ben Yang Yin She Changgeng Zhang Shuai Kang Jin Zhou Wei Hu |
| author_sort | Ben Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Layered two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>), as an outstanding MXene member, has captured increasing attention in supercapacitor applications due to its excellent chemical and physical properties. However, the low gravimetric capacitance of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> restricts its rapid development in such applications. Herein, this work demonstrates an effective and facile hydrothermal approach to synthesize nitrogen doped intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> with greatly improved gravimetric capacitance and excellent cycling stability. The hexamethylenetetramine (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) in hydrothermal environment acted as the nitrogen source and intercalants, while the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> itself was the titanium source of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiN. We tested the optimized nitrogen doped intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> electrodes in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, LiOH and KOH electrolytes, respectively. The electrode in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte delivered the best electrochemical performance with high gravimetric capacitance of 361 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and excellent cycling stability of 85.8% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. A systematic study of material characterization combined with the electrochemical performances disclosed that TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN nanoparticles, the introduction of nitrogen and the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> intercalation efficaciously increased the specific surface areas, which is beneficial for facilitating electrolyte ions transportation. Given the excellent performance, nitrogen doped intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> bodes well as a promising pseudocapacitor electrode for energy storage applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:23:26Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:23:26Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3bd08e58fb784697bbc4b173ea81fb6c2022-12-22T01:39:54ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-02-0110234510.3390/nano10020345nano10020345Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced PseudocapacitanceBen Yang0Yin She1Changgeng Zhang2Shuai Kang3Jin Zhou4Wei Hu5Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaIntelligent Manufacturing Technology Institute, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaChongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Chongqing 401121, ChinaKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaLayered two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>), as an outstanding MXene member, has captured increasing attention in supercapacitor applications due to its excellent chemical and physical properties. However, the low gravimetric capacitance of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> restricts its rapid development in such applications. Herein, this work demonstrates an effective and facile hydrothermal approach to synthesize nitrogen doped intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> with greatly improved gravimetric capacitance and excellent cycling stability. The hexamethylenetetramine (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) in hydrothermal environment acted as the nitrogen source and intercalants, while the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> itself was the titanium source of TiO<sub>2</sub> and TiN. We tested the optimized nitrogen doped intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> electrodes in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, LiOH and KOH electrolytes, respectively. The electrode in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte delivered the best electrochemical performance with high gravimetric capacitance of 361 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and excellent cycling stability of 85.8% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. A systematic study of material characterization combined with the electrochemical performances disclosed that TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN nanoparticles, the introduction of nitrogen and the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> intercalation efficaciously increased the specific surface areas, which is beneficial for facilitating electrolyte ions transportation. Given the excellent performance, nitrogen doped intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> bodes well as a promising pseudocapacitor electrode for energy storage applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/2/345mxenesti<sub>3</sub>c<sub>2</sub>t<sub>x</sub>intercalationtio<sub>2</sub>tinsupercapacitor |
| spellingShingle | Ben Yang Yin She Changgeng Zhang Shuai Kang Jin Zhou Wei Hu Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance Nanomaterials mxenes ti<sub>3</sub>c<sub>2</sub>t<sub>x</sub> intercalation tio<sub>2</sub> tin supercapacitor |
| title | Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance |
| title_full | Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance |
| title_short | Nitrogen Doped Intercalation TiO<sub>2</sub>/TiN/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> Nanocomposite Electrodes with Enhanced Pseudocapacitance |
| title_sort | nitrogen doped intercalation tio sub 2 sub tin ti sub 3 sub c sub 2 sub t sub x sub nanocomposite electrodes with enhanced pseudocapacitance |
| topic | mxenes ti<sub>3</sub>c<sub>2</sub>t<sub>x</sub> intercalation tio<sub>2</sub> tin supercapacitor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/2/345 |
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