Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health
Abstract Atmospheric particles have been significantly affecting urban air quality and urban-oriented living in an increasing share of the population in Bangladesh. This study assessed the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in Khulna, one of the largest cities in Bangladesh located near the Bay...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Environmental Systems Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-023-00327-2 |
| _version_ | 1827399260035874816 |
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| author | Jobaer Ahmed Saju Quazi Hamidul Bari Kazi A. B. M. Mohiuddin Vladimir Strezov |
| author_facet | Jobaer Ahmed Saju Quazi Hamidul Bari Kazi A. B. M. Mohiuddin Vladimir Strezov |
| author_sort | Jobaer Ahmed Saju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Atmospheric particles have been significantly affecting urban air quality and urban-oriented living in an increasing share of the population in Bangladesh. This study assessed the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in Khulna, one of the largest cities in Bangladesh located near the Bay of Bengal. The maximum average concentrations were recorded 415 ± 184.01 µg/m3 for PM10, 302 ± 109.89 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 143 ± 45.05 µg/m3 for PM1.0. These values are several times higher than the World Health Organization air quality standard and Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard. According to the size and fractional distribution of PM, most of the monitoring locations were dominated by fine particles. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to exposure to ambient PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were also quantified to illustrate the relevant potential human health risks. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values of PM1.0 ranged from 8.6E0–4 to 6.0E–07 and PM2.5 varied between 8.6E–04 and 6.0E–07 exceeded the allowable limit at every location indicating the potential cancer-developing risk to the urban population. The health quotient (HQ) values also crossed the least permissible value at most of the locations depicting strong non-carcinogenic risks. Average HQ values of PM2.5 varied from 1.07 to 20.13 while PM10 ranged from 0.44 to 8.3. This research revealed children and elderly people as the most vulnerable age groups with the highest carcinogenic risks through exposure to atmospheric PM in Khulna city. Therefore, air pollution reduction plans and risk mitigation strategies should be developed and implemented by the government authorities. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:43:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3be3cabdef114f99adb36f48fcbd804a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2193-2697 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:43:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Systems Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-3be3cabdef114f99adb36f48fcbd804a2023-12-24T12:30:40ZengSpringerOpenEnvironmental Systems Research2193-26972023-12-0112111710.1186/s40068-023-00327-2Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human healthJobaer Ahmed Saju0Quazi Hamidul Bari1Kazi A. B. M. Mohiuddin2Vladimir Strezov3Khulna University of Engineering & TechnologyKhulna University of Engineering & TechnologyKhulna University of Engineering & TechnologySchool of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie UniversityAbstract Atmospheric particles have been significantly affecting urban air quality and urban-oriented living in an increasing share of the population in Bangladesh. This study assessed the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in Khulna, one of the largest cities in Bangladesh located near the Bay of Bengal. The maximum average concentrations were recorded 415 ± 184.01 µg/m3 for PM10, 302 ± 109.89 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 143 ± 45.05 µg/m3 for PM1.0. These values are several times higher than the World Health Organization air quality standard and Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard. According to the size and fractional distribution of PM, most of the monitoring locations were dominated by fine particles. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to exposure to ambient PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were also quantified to illustrate the relevant potential human health risks. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values of PM1.0 ranged from 8.6E0–4 to 6.0E–07 and PM2.5 varied between 8.6E–04 and 6.0E–07 exceeded the allowable limit at every location indicating the potential cancer-developing risk to the urban population. The health quotient (HQ) values also crossed the least permissible value at most of the locations depicting strong non-carcinogenic risks. Average HQ values of PM2.5 varied from 1.07 to 20.13 while PM10 ranged from 0.44 to 8.3. This research revealed children and elderly people as the most vulnerable age groups with the highest carcinogenic risks through exposure to atmospheric PM in Khulna city. Therefore, air pollution reduction plans and risk mitigation strategies should be developed and implemented by the government authorities. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-023-00327-2Air pollutionSize distributionFine particlesPM1.0Risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Jobaer Ahmed Saju Quazi Hamidul Bari Kazi A. B. M. Mohiuddin Vladimir Strezov Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health Environmental Systems Research Air pollution Size distribution Fine particles PM1.0 Risk assessment |
| title | Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health |
| title_full | Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health |
| title_short | Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health |
| title_sort | measurement of ambient particulate matter pm1 0 pm2 5 and pm10 in khulna city of bangladesh and their implications for human health |
| topic | Air pollution Size distribution Fine particles PM1.0 Risk assessment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-023-00327-2 |
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