Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity
Arsenic is a potent cardiovascular toxicant associated with numerous biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in exposed human populations. Arsenic is also a carcinogen, yet arsenic trioxide is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyelotic leukemia (APL). The therapeutic use of arse...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/5/4/38 |
| _version_ | 1818982012523905024 |
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| author | Clare Pace Ruben Dagda Jeff Angermann |
| author_facet | Clare Pace Ruben Dagda Jeff Angermann |
| author_sort | Clare Pace |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arsenic is a potent cardiovascular toxicant associated with numerous biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in exposed human populations. Arsenic is also a carcinogen, yet arsenic trioxide is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyelotic leukemia (APL). The therapeutic use of arsenic is limited due to its severe cardiovascular side effects. Many of the toxic effects of arsenic are mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and related to arsenic’s effect on oxidative stress. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of antioxidants against arsenic induced cardiovascular dysfunction. A growing body of evidence suggests that antioxidant phytonutrients may ameliorate the toxic effects of arsenic on mitochondria by scavenging free radicals. This review identifies 21 antioxidants that can effectively reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cardiovascular cells and tissues. In addition, we propose that antioxidants have the potential to improve the cardiovascular health of millions of people chronically exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations through contaminated water supplies or used to treat certain types of leukemias. Importantly, we identify conceptual gaps in research and development of new mito-protective antioxidants and suggest avenues for future research to improve bioavailability of antioxidants and distribution to target tissues in order reduce arsenic-induced cardiovascular toxicity in a real-world context. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:40:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3bf918265d9e4550914584628a29bfd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T17:40:27Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3bf918265d9e4550914584628a29bfd82022-12-21T19:31:06ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042017-12-01543810.3390/toxics5040038toxics5040038Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-ToxicityClare Pace0Ruben Dagda1Jeff Angermann2Department of Environmental Science and Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USADepartment of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USASchool of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USAArsenic is a potent cardiovascular toxicant associated with numerous biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in exposed human populations. Arsenic is also a carcinogen, yet arsenic trioxide is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyelotic leukemia (APL). The therapeutic use of arsenic is limited due to its severe cardiovascular side effects. Many of the toxic effects of arsenic are mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and related to arsenic’s effect on oxidative stress. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of antioxidants against arsenic induced cardiovascular dysfunction. A growing body of evidence suggests that antioxidant phytonutrients may ameliorate the toxic effects of arsenic on mitochondria by scavenging free radicals. This review identifies 21 antioxidants that can effectively reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cardiovascular cells and tissues. In addition, we propose that antioxidants have the potential to improve the cardiovascular health of millions of people chronically exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations through contaminated water supplies or used to treat certain types of leukemias. Importantly, we identify conceptual gaps in research and development of new mito-protective antioxidants and suggest avenues for future research to improve bioavailability of antioxidants and distribution to target tissues in order reduce arsenic-induced cardiovascular toxicity in a real-world context.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/5/4/38arsenic toxicitycardiovascularantioxidantsuperoxideoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Clare Pace Ruben Dagda Jeff Angermann Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity Toxics arsenic toxicity cardiovascular antioxidant superoxide oxidative stress |
| title | Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity |
| title_full | Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity |
| title_short | Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity |
| title_sort | antioxidants protect against arsenic induced mitochondrial cardio toxicity |
| topic | arsenic toxicity cardiovascular antioxidant superoxide oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/5/4/38 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT clarepace antioxidantsprotectagainstarsenicinducedmitochondrialcardiotoxicity AT rubendagda antioxidantsprotectagainstarsenicinducedmitochondrialcardiotoxicity AT jeffangermann antioxidantsprotectagainstarsenicinducedmitochondrialcardiotoxicity |