Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China
The present study assessed the willingness of the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccines and identified factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. A national online survey was conducted from 29 January 2021 to 26 April 2021 in China. Multinomial logistic regression analyses we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/10/1172 |
| _version_ | 1797512984058134528 |
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| author | Yi-Miao Zhao Lin Liu Jie Sun Wei Yan Kai Yuan Yong-Bo Zheng Zheng-An Lu Lin Liu Shu-Yu Ni Si-Zhen Su Xi-Mei Zhu Na Zeng Yi-Miao Gong Ping Wu Mao-Sheng Ran Yue Leng Jie Shi Le Shi Lin Lu Yan-Ping Bao |
| author_facet | Yi-Miao Zhao Lin Liu Jie Sun Wei Yan Kai Yuan Yong-Bo Zheng Zheng-An Lu Lin Liu Shu-Yu Ni Si-Zhen Su Xi-Mei Zhu Na Zeng Yi-Miao Gong Ping Wu Mao-Sheng Ran Yue Leng Jie Shi Le Shi Lin Lu Yan-Ping Bao |
| author_sort | Yi-Miao Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study assessed the willingness of the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccines and identified factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. A national online survey was conducted from 29 January 2021 to 26 April 2021 in China. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. Of the 34,041 participants surveyed, 18,810 (55.3%) were willing to get vaccinated, 13,736 (40.3%) were hesitant, and 1495 (4.4%) were resistant. Rates of vaccine acceptance increased over time, with geographical discrepancies in vaccine hesitancy and resistance between provinces in China. Vaccine safety was the greatest concern expressed by most participants (24,461 [71.9%]), and the major reason for participants’ refusing vaccination (974 [65.2%]). Government agencies (23,131 [68.0%]) and social media (20,967 [61.6%]) were the main sources of COVID-19 vaccine information. Compared with vaccination acceptance, female, young and middle-aged, high income, and perceived low-risk of infection were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Histories of allergic reactions to other vaccines and depression symptoms were related to vaccine resistance. Common factors that influenced vaccine hesitancy and resistance were residing in cities and perceiving less protection with vaccines than with other protective measures. The results indicate that the rate of vaccine resistance is relatively low, but vaccine hesitancy is common. Individuals who are female, young and middle-aged, with a high income, and residing in cities are more likely to be hesitant for vaccination and should be the target populations for vaccination campaigns. Specific vaccine messaging from the government and social media could alleviate public concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:09:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3bfb226282f14f06a600f87f85b0e90a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:09:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3bfb226282f14f06a600f87f85b0e90a2023-11-22T20:16:21ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-10-01910117210.3390/vaccines9101172Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in ChinaYi-Miao Zhao0Lin Liu1Jie Sun2Wei Yan3Kai Yuan4Yong-Bo Zheng5Zheng-An Lu6Lin Liu7Shu-Yu Ni8Si-Zhen Su9Xi-Mei Zhu10Na Zeng11Yi-Miao Gong12Ping Wu13Mao-Sheng Ran14Yue Leng15Jie Shi16Le Shi17Lin Lu18Yan-Ping Bao19National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPain Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USANational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNational Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaThe present study assessed the willingness of the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccines and identified factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. A national online survey was conducted from 29 January 2021 to 26 April 2021 in China. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. Of the 34,041 participants surveyed, 18,810 (55.3%) were willing to get vaccinated, 13,736 (40.3%) were hesitant, and 1495 (4.4%) were resistant. Rates of vaccine acceptance increased over time, with geographical discrepancies in vaccine hesitancy and resistance between provinces in China. Vaccine safety was the greatest concern expressed by most participants (24,461 [71.9%]), and the major reason for participants’ refusing vaccination (974 [65.2%]). Government agencies (23,131 [68.0%]) and social media (20,967 [61.6%]) were the main sources of COVID-19 vaccine information. Compared with vaccination acceptance, female, young and middle-aged, high income, and perceived low-risk of infection were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Histories of allergic reactions to other vaccines and depression symptoms were related to vaccine resistance. Common factors that influenced vaccine hesitancy and resistance were residing in cities and perceiving less protection with vaccines than with other protective measures. The results indicate that the rate of vaccine resistance is relatively low, but vaccine hesitancy is common. Individuals who are female, young and middle-aged, with a high income, and residing in cities are more likely to be hesitant for vaccination and should be the target populations for vaccination campaigns. Specific vaccine messaging from the government and social media could alleviate public concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/10/1172COVID-19 vaccinevaccine hesitancyvaccine resistancedeterminants |
| spellingShingle | Yi-Miao Zhao Lin Liu Jie Sun Wei Yan Kai Yuan Yong-Bo Zheng Zheng-An Lu Lin Liu Shu-Yu Ni Si-Zhen Su Xi-Mei Zhu Na Zeng Yi-Miao Gong Ping Wu Mao-Sheng Ran Yue Leng Jie Shi Le Shi Lin Lu Yan-Ping Bao Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China Vaccines COVID-19 vaccine vaccine hesitancy vaccine resistance determinants |
| title | Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China |
| title_full | Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China |
| title_fullStr | Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China |
| title_short | Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China |
| title_sort | public willingness and determinants of covid 19 vaccination at the initial stage of mass vaccination in china |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccine vaccine hesitancy vaccine resistance determinants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/10/1172 |
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